13.3. romantest.py 介绍
Description: Python from novice to pro
Keywords: Python, Dive Into Python, tutorial, object-oriented, programming, documentation, book, free

# 深入 Python :Dive Into Python 中文版 Python 从新手到专家 [Dip_5.4b_CPyUG_Release] | Find:

## 13.3. `romantest.py` 介绍

这是将被开发并保存为 `roman.py` 的罗马数字转换程序的完整测试组件 (test suite)。很难立刻看出它们是如何协同工作的，似乎所有类或者方法之间都没有关系。这是有原因的，而且你很快就会明了。

### 例 13.1. `romantest.py`

如果您还没有下载本书附带的样例程序, 可以 下载本程序和其他样例程序。

    """Unit test for roman.py"""

    import roman
    import unittest

    class KnownValues(unittest.TestCase):
        knownValues = ( (1, 'I'),
                        (2, 'II'),
                        (3, 'III'),
                        (4, 'IV'),
                        (5, 'V'),
                        (6, 'VI'),
                        (7, 'VII'),
                        (8, 'VIII'),
                        (9, 'IX'),
                        (10, 'X'),
                        (50, 'L'),
                        (100, 'C'),
                        (500, 'D'),
                        (1000, 'M'),
                        (31, 'XXXI'),
                        (148, 'CXLVIII'),
                        (294, 'CCXCIV'),
                        (312, 'CCCXII'),
                        (421, 'CDXXI'),
                        (528, 'DXXVIII'),
                        (621, 'DCXXI'),
                        (782, 'DCCLXXXII'),
                        (870, 'DCCCLXX'),
                        (941, 'CMXLI'),
                        (1043, 'MXLIII'),
                        (1110, 'MCX'),
                        (1226, 'MCCXXVI'),
                        (1301, 'MCCCI'),
                        (1485, 'MCDLXXXV'),
                        (1509, 'MDIX'),
                        (1607, 'MDCVII'),
                        (1754, 'MDCCLIV'),
                        (1832, 'MDCCCXXXII'),
                        (1993, 'MCMXCIII'),
                        (2074, 'MMLXXIV'),
                        (2152, 'MMCLII'),
                        (2212, 'MMCCXII'),
                        (2343, 'MMCCCXLIII'),
                        (2499, 'MMCDXCIX'),
                        (2574, 'MMDLXXIV'),
                        (2646, 'MMDCXLVI'),
                        (2723, 'MMDCCXXIII'),
                        (2892, 'MMDCCCXCII'),
                        (2975, 'MMCMLXXV'),
                        (3051, 'MMMLI'),
                        (3185, 'MMMCLXXXV'),
                        (3250, 'MMMCCL'),
                        (3313, 'MMMCCCXIII'),
                        (3408, 'MMMCDVIII'),
                        (3501, 'MMMDI'),
                        (3610, 'MMMDCX'),
                        (3743, 'MMMDCCXLIII'),
                        (3844, 'MMMDCCCXLIV'),
                        (3888, 'MMMDCCCLXXXVIII'),
                        (3940, 'MMMCMXL'),
                        (3999, 'MMMCMXCIX'))

        def testToRomanKnownValues(self):
            """toRoman should give known result with known input"""
            for integer, numeral in self.knownValues:
                result = roman.toRoman(integer)
                self.assertEqual(numeral, result)

        def testFromRomanKnownValues(self):
            """fromRoman should give known result with known input"""
            for integer, numeral in self.knownValues:
                result = roman.fromRoman(numeral)
                self.assertEqual(integer, result)

    class ToRomanBadInput(unittest.TestCase):
        def testTooLarge(self):
            """toRoman should fail with large input"""
            self.assertRaises(roman.OutOfRangeError, roman.toRoman, 4000)

        def testZero(self):
            """toRoman should fail with 0 input"""
            self.assertRaises(roman.OutOfRangeError, roman.toRoman, 0)

        def testNegative(self):
            """toRoman should fail with negative input"""
            self.assertRaises(roman.OutOfRangeError, roman.toRoman, -1)

        def testNonInteger(self):
            """toRoman should fail with non-integer input"""
            self.assertRaises(roman.NotIntegerError, roman.toRoman, 0.5)

    class FromRomanBadInput(unittest.TestCase):
        def testTooManyRepeatedNumerals(self):
            """fromRoman should fail with too many repeated numerals"""
            for s in ('MMMM', 'DD', 'CCCC', 'LL', 'XXXX', 'VV', 'IIII'):
                self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, s)

        def testRepeatedPairs(self):
            """fromRoman should fail with repeated pairs of numerals"""
            for s in ('CMCM', 'CDCD', 'XCXC', 'XLXL', 'IXIX', 'IVIV'):
                self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, s)

        def testMalformedAntecedent(self):
            """fromRoman should fail with malformed antecedents"""
            for s in ('IIMXCC', 'VX', 'DCM', 'CMM', 'IXIV',
                      'MCMC', 'XCX', 'IVI', 'LM', 'LD', 'LC'):
                self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError, roman.fromRoman, s)

    class SanityCheck(unittest.TestCase):
        def testSanity(self):
            """fromRoman(toRoman(n))==n for all n"""
            for integer in range(1, 4000):
                numeral = roman.toRoman(integer)
                result = roman.fromRoman(numeral)
                self.assertEqual(integer, result)

    class CaseCheck(unittest.TestCase):
        def testToRomanCase(self):
            """toRoman should always return uppercase"""
            for integer in range(1, 4000):
                numeral = roman.toRoman(integer)
                self.assertEqual(numeral, numeral.upper())

        def testFromRomanCase(self):
            """fromRoman should only accept uppercase input"""
            for integer in range(1, 4000):
                numeral = roman.toRoman(integer)
                roman.fromRoman(numeral.upper())
                self.assertRaises(roman.InvalidRomanNumeralError,
                                  roman.fromRoman, numeral.lower())

    if __name__ == "__main__":
        unittest.main()

### 进一步阅读

- PyUnit 主页 对于使用 `unittest` 框架 以及本章没能涵盖的高级特性有深入的讨论。
- PyUnit FAQ 解释了 为什么测试用例要和被测试代码分开存放 。
- Python Library Reference 总结了 `unittest` 模块。
- ExtremeProgramming.org 讨论 你为什么需要编写单元测试。
- The Portland Pattern Repository 有一个持续的 单元测试 讨论，包括了一个 标准的定义，为什么你需要 首先开发单元测试代码 以及另外一些深层次 案例。