/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * nodeLimit.c
 *	  Routines to handle limiting of query results where appropriate
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2017, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/executor/nodeLimit.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * INTERFACE ROUTINES
 *		ExecLimit		- extract a limited range of tuples
 *		ExecInitLimit	- initialize node and subnodes..
 *		ExecEndLimit	- shutdown node and subnodes
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "executor/nodeLimit.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"

static void recompute_limits(LimitState *node);
static void pass_down_bound(LimitState *node, PlanState *child_node);


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecLimit
 *
 *		This is a very simple node which just performs LIMIT/OFFSET
 *		filtering on the stream of tuples returned by a subplan.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static TupleTableSlot *			/* return: a tuple or NULL */
ExecLimit(PlanState *pstate)
{
	LimitState *node = castNode(LimitState, pstate);
	ScanDirection direction;
	TupleTableSlot *slot;
	PlanState  *outerPlan;

	CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

	/*
	 * get information from the node
	 */
	direction = node->ps.state->es_direction;
	outerPlan = outerPlanState(node);

	/*
	 * The main logic is a simple state machine.
	 */
	switch (node->lstate)
	{
		case LIMIT_INITIAL:

			/*
			 * First call for this node, so compute limit/offset. (We can't do
			 * this any earlier, because parameters from upper nodes will not
			 * be set during ExecInitLimit.)  This also sets position = 0 and
			 * changes the state to LIMIT_RESCAN.
			 */
			recompute_limits(node);

			/* FALL THRU */

		case LIMIT_RESCAN:

			/*
			 * If backwards scan, just return NULL without changing state.
			 */
			if (!ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
				return NULL;

			/*
			 * Check for empty window; if so, treat like empty subplan.
			 */
			if (node->count <= 0 && !node->noCount)
			{
				node->lstate = LIMIT_EMPTY;
				return NULL;
			}

			/*
			 * Fetch rows from subplan until we reach position > offset.
			 */
			for (;;)
			{
				slot = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
				if (TupIsNull(slot))
				{
					/*
					 * The subplan returns too few tuples for us to produce
					 * any output at all.
					 */
					node->lstate = LIMIT_EMPTY;
					return NULL;
				}
				node->subSlot = slot;
				if (++node->position > node->offset)
					break;
			}

			/*
			 * Okay, we have the first tuple of the window.
			 */
			node->lstate = LIMIT_INWINDOW;
			break;

		case LIMIT_EMPTY:

			/*
			 * The subplan is known to return no tuples (or not more than
			 * OFFSET tuples, in general).  So we return no tuples.
			 */
			return NULL;

		case LIMIT_INWINDOW:
			if (ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
			{
				/*
				 * Forwards scan, so check for stepping off end of window. If
				 * we are at the end of the window, return NULL without
				 * advancing the subplan or the position variable; but change
				 * the state machine state to record having done so.
				 */
				if (!node->noCount &&
					node->position - node->offset >= node->count)
				{
					node->lstate = LIMIT_WINDOWEND;
					return NULL;
				}

				/*
				 * Get next tuple from subplan, if any.
				 */
				slot = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
				if (TupIsNull(slot))
				{
					node->lstate = LIMIT_SUBPLANEOF;
					return NULL;
				}
				node->subSlot = slot;
				node->position++;
			}
			else
			{
				/*
				 * Backwards scan, so check for stepping off start of window.
				 * As above, change only state-machine status if so.
				 */
				if (node->position <= node->offset + 1)
				{
					node->lstate = LIMIT_WINDOWSTART;
					return NULL;
				}

				/*
				 * Get previous tuple from subplan; there should be one!
				 */
				slot = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
				if (TupIsNull(slot))
					elog(ERROR, "LIMIT subplan failed to run backwards");
				node->subSlot = slot;
				node->position--;
			}
			break;

		case LIMIT_SUBPLANEOF:
			if (ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
				return NULL;

			/*
			 * Backing up from subplan EOF, so re-fetch previous tuple; there
			 * should be one!  Note previous tuple must be in window.
			 */
			slot = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
			if (TupIsNull(slot))
				elog(ERROR, "LIMIT subplan failed to run backwards");
			node->subSlot = slot;
			node->lstate = LIMIT_INWINDOW;
			/* position does not change 'cause we didn't advance it before */
			break;

		case LIMIT_WINDOWEND:
			if (ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
				return NULL;

			/*
			 * Backing up from window end: simply re-return the last tuple
			 * fetched from the subplan.
			 */
			slot = node->subSlot;
			node->lstate = LIMIT_INWINDOW;
			/* position does not change 'cause we didn't advance it before */
			break;

		case LIMIT_WINDOWSTART:
			if (!ScanDirectionIsForward(direction))
				return NULL;

			/*
			 * Advancing after having backed off window start: simply
			 * re-return the last tuple fetched from the subplan.
			 */
			slot = node->subSlot;
			node->lstate = LIMIT_INWINDOW;
			/* position does not change 'cause we didn't change it before */
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "impossible LIMIT state: %d",
				 (int) node->lstate);
			slot = NULL;		/* keep compiler quiet */
			break;
	}

	/* Return the current tuple */
	Assert(!TupIsNull(slot));

	return slot;
}

/*
 * Evaluate the limit/offset expressions --- done at startup or rescan.
 *
 * This is also a handy place to reset the current-position state info.
 */
static void
recompute_limits(LimitState *node)
{
	ExprContext *econtext = node->ps.ps_ExprContext;
	Datum		val;
	bool		isNull;

	if (node->limitOffset)
	{
		val = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(node->limitOffset,
										econtext,
										&isNull);
		/* Interpret NULL offset as no offset */
		if (isNull)
			node->offset = 0;
		else
		{
			node->offset = DatumGetInt64(val);
			if (node->offset < 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_RESULT_OFFSET_CLAUSE),
						 errmsg("OFFSET must not be negative")));
		}
	}
	else
	{
		/* No OFFSET supplied */
		node->offset = 0;
	}

	if (node->limitCount)
	{
		val = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(node->limitCount,
										econtext,
										&isNull);
		/* Interpret NULL count as no count (LIMIT ALL) */
		if (isNull)
		{
			node->count = 0;
			node->noCount = true;
		}
		else
		{
			node->count = DatumGetInt64(val);
			if (node->count < 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_ROW_COUNT_IN_LIMIT_CLAUSE),
						 errmsg("LIMIT must not be negative")));
			node->noCount = false;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		/* No COUNT supplied */
		node->count = 0;
		node->noCount = true;
	}

	/* Reset position to start-of-scan */
	node->position = 0;
	node->subSlot = NULL;

	/* Set state-machine state */
	node->lstate = LIMIT_RESCAN;

	/* Notify child node about limit, if useful */
	pass_down_bound(node, outerPlanState(node));
}

/*
 * If we have a COUNT, and our input is a Sort node, notify it that it can
 * use bounded sort.  Also, if our input is a MergeAppend, we can apply the
 * same bound to any Sorts that are direct children of the MergeAppend,
 * since the MergeAppend surely need read no more than that many tuples from
 * any one input.  We also have to be prepared to look through a Result,
 * since the planner might stick one atop MergeAppend for projection purposes.
 *
 * This is a bit of a kluge, but we don't have any more-abstract way of
 * communicating between the two nodes; and it doesn't seem worth trying
 * to invent one without some more examples of special communication needs.
 *
 * Note: it is the responsibility of nodeSort.c to react properly to
 * changes of these parameters.  If we ever do redesign this, it'd be a
 * good idea to integrate this signaling with the parameter-change mechanism.
 */
static void
pass_down_bound(LimitState *node, PlanState *child_node)
{
	if (IsA(child_node, SortState))
	{
		SortState  *sortState = (SortState *) child_node;
		int64		tuples_needed = node->count + node->offset;

		/* negative test checks for overflow in sum */
		if (node->noCount || tuples_needed < 0)
		{
			/* make sure flag gets reset if needed upon rescan */
			sortState->bounded = false;
		}
		else
		{
			sortState->bounded = true;
			sortState->bound = tuples_needed;
		}
	}
	else if (IsA(child_node, MergeAppendState))
	{
		MergeAppendState *maState = (MergeAppendState *) child_node;
		int			i;

		for (i = 0; i < maState->ms_nplans; i++)
			pass_down_bound(node, maState->mergeplans[i]);
	}
	else if (IsA(child_node, ResultState))
	{
		/*
		 * If Result supported qual checking, we'd have to punt on seeing a
		 * qual.  Note that having a resconstantqual is not a showstopper: if
		 * that fails we're not getting any rows at all.
		 */
		if (outerPlanState(child_node))
			pass_down_bound(node, outerPlanState(child_node));
	}
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecInitLimit
 *
 *		This initializes the limit node state structures and
 *		the node's subplan.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
LimitState *
ExecInitLimit(Limit *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
{
	LimitState *limitstate;
	Plan	   *outerPlan;

	/* check for unsupported flags */
	Assert(!(eflags & EXEC_FLAG_MARK));

	/*
	 * create state structure
	 */
	limitstate = makeNode(LimitState);
	limitstate->ps.plan = (Plan *) node;
	limitstate->ps.state = estate;
	limitstate->ps.ExecProcNode = ExecLimit;

	limitstate->lstate = LIMIT_INITIAL;

	/*
	 * Miscellaneous initialization
	 *
	 * Limit nodes never call ExecQual or ExecProject, but they need an
	 * exprcontext anyway to evaluate the limit/offset parameters in.
	 */
	ExecAssignExprContext(estate, &limitstate->ps);

	/*
	 * initialize child expressions
	 */
	limitstate->limitOffset = ExecInitExpr((Expr *) node->limitOffset,
										   (PlanState *) limitstate);
	limitstate->limitCount = ExecInitExpr((Expr *) node->limitCount,
										  (PlanState *) limitstate);

	/*
	 * Tuple table initialization (XXX not actually used...)
	 */
	ExecInitResultTupleSlot(estate, &limitstate->ps);

	/*
	 * then initialize outer plan
	 */
	outerPlan = outerPlan(node);
	outerPlanState(limitstate) = ExecInitNode(outerPlan, estate, eflags);

	/*
	 * limit nodes do no projections, so initialize projection info for this
	 * node appropriately
	 */
	ExecAssignResultTypeFromTL(&limitstate->ps);
	limitstate->ps.ps_ProjInfo = NULL;

	return limitstate;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *		ExecEndLimit
 *
 *		This shuts down the subplan and frees resources allocated
 *		to this node.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
ExecEndLimit(LimitState *node)
{
	ExecFreeExprContext(&node->ps);
	ExecEndNode(outerPlanState(node));
}


void
ExecReScanLimit(LimitState *node)
{
	/*
	 * Recompute limit/offset in case parameters changed, and reset the state
	 * machine.  We must do this before rescanning our child node, in case
	 * it's a Sort that we are passing the parameters down to.
	 */
	recompute_limits(node);

	/*
	 * if chgParam of subnode is not null then plan will be re-scanned by
	 * first ExecProcNode.
	 */
	if (node->ps.lefttree->chgParam == NULL)
		ExecReScan(node->ps.lefttree);
}
