# Math Conversion Tests

## Math alphabet / Mathvariant

TeX's math alphabet macros change font features of (some) letters and digits. Non-alphanumerical symbols, function names, and mathematical text are left unchanged.

default:

  V R x ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 3 Γ ∀ x ∈ ℝ

mathrm:

  V R x ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 3 Γ ∀ x ∈ ℝ

mathbf:

  𝐕 𝐑 𝐱 ± cos ⁡ ( 𝛂 out ) ≈ 𝟑 𝚪 ∀ 𝐱 ∈ ℝ

mathit:

  𝑉 𝑅 𝑥 ± cos ⁡ ( 𝛼 out ) ≈ 3 𝛤 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

mathbfit:

  𝑽 𝑹 𝒙 ± cos ⁡ ( 𝜶 out ) ≈ 3 𝜞 ∀ 𝒙 ∈ ℝ

mathbb:

  𝕍 ℝ 𝕩 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 𝟛 ℾ ∀ 𝕩 ∈ ℝ

mathcal:

  𝒱 ℛ 𝓍 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 3 Γ ∀ 𝓍 ∈ ℝ

mathscr:

  𝒱 ℛ 𝓍 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 3 Γ ∀ 𝓍 ∈ ℝ

mathfrak:

  𝔙 ℜ 𝔵 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 3 Γ ∀ 𝔵 ∈ ℝ

mathsf:

  𝖵 𝖱 𝗑 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 𝟥 Γ ∀ 𝗑 ∈ ℝ

mathsfit:

  𝘝 𝘙 𝘹 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 3 Γ ∀ 𝘹 ∈ ℝ

mathsfbfit:

  𝙑 𝙍 𝙭 ± cos ⁡ ( 𝞪 out ) ≈ 3 𝞒 ∀ 𝙭 ∈ ℝ

mathbfsfit:

  𝙑 𝙍 𝙭 ± cos ⁡ ( 𝞪 out ) ≈ 3 𝞒 ∀ 𝙭 ∈ ℝ

mathtt:

  𝚅 𝚁 𝚡 ± cos ⁡ ( α out ) ≈ 𝟹 Γ ∀ 𝚡 ∈ ℝ

MathML 4 defines the mathvariant style attribute, in MathML core, characters from the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Unicode block are used.

The mathvariants bold-script, bold-fraktur, and sans-bold are rarely used. They are currently not supported by Docutils's native MathML output. In LaTeX, \mathbfscr and \mathbffrac is supported by the mathalpha package.

Bold variants of any symbol can be achieved in combination with the \boldsymbol command, e.g.

bold-fraktur:

  𝔙 ℜ 𝔵

Note, that \boldsymbol emboldens also non-alphanumerical symbols.

### Complex Example

From the baskervaldx package documentation:

Simplest form of the Central Limit Theorem:

  Let X 1 , X 2 , ⋯ be a sequence of iid random variables with mean 0 and variance 1 on a probability space ( Ω , ℱ , ℙ ) . Then

  ℙ ( X 1 + ⋯ + X n n ≤ y ) → 𝔑 ( y ) ≔ ∫ − ∞ y e − t 2 / 2 2 π d t as n → ∞ ,

  or, equivalently, letting S n ≔ ∑ 1 n X k ,

  𝔼 f ( S n / n ) → ∫ − ∞ ∞ f ( t ) e − t 2 / 2 2 π d t as n → ∞ , for every f ∈ b 𝒞 ( ℝ ) .

## Inferred <mrow>s in MathML

The elements <msqrt>, <mstyle>, <merror>, <mpadded>, <mphantom>, <menclose>, <mtd>, <mscarry>, and <math> treat their contents as a single inferred mrow formed from all their children.

a = 2 + x , b = 1 + x 2 , c = sin ⁡ ( x ) 23 ,

inline: a = 2 + x , b = 1 + x 2 , c = sin ⁡ ( x ) 23 .

## Scripts and Limits

Accents should be nearer to the base: a ˉ a _ , l ˉ l _ , i ˉ i _ , r → r → .

Sub- and superscript may be given in any order: x i j = x i j and ∫ 0 1 = ∫ 0 1 .

Double exponent: x 10 4 , r T in and x i n 2 .

## Nested groups

tex-token returns "{" for nested groups:

das ist ein {toller} text (unescaped \{ and \} is ignored by LaTeX)

## Big delimiters and symbols

Compare automatic sizing with fixed sizes:

( 3 ) ( f ( x ) ) ( x ˉ ) ( x _ ) ( n i ) = ( ) ( x _ ) = ( big ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 2 ) ( ∑ ) ( ⨂ ) ( ∏ ) = ( Big ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 2 2 4 ) ( 3 2 ) ( a b c d ) ( 1 2 ) ( ∫ ) ( ∫ 0 ) ( ∫ 1 ) ( ∫ 0 1 ) = ( bigg ) ( 2 2 ) ( ∑ 0 ) ( ∑ 1 ) ( ∑ 0 1 ) ( 1 x 1 n ) = ( Bigg ) ( ∫ 0 ) ( ∫ 1 ) ( ∫ 0 1 )

And in text:

( ) :

  ( 3 ) ( f ( x ) ) ( x ˉ ) ( x _ ) ( n i ) ( ∑ ) ( ∑ 0 ) ( ∏ )

( big ) :

  ( x _ ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 2 ) ( a b c d ) ( ⨂ )

( Big ) :

  ( 3 ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 2 2 4 ) ( 2 2 ) ( ∫ ) ( ∫ 0 ) ( ∫ 1 ) ( ∫ 0 1 ) ( ∑ 1 ) ( ∑ 0 1 ) ( 1 x 1 n )

Test \left, \right, and the bigl/bigr, … size commands with all extensible delimiters.

pairing:

( b ) ( b ) ( b ) [ b ] [ b ] [ b ] { b } { b } { b } ⟨ b ⟩ ⟨ b ⟩ ⟨ b ⟩
⌈ b ⌉ ⌈ b ⌉ ⌈ b ⌉ ⌊ b ⌋ ⌊ b ⌋ ⌊ b ⌋ | b | | b | | b | ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖
⟮ b ⟯ ⟮ b ⟯ ⟮ b ⟯ ⎰ b ⎱ ⎰ b ⎱ ⎰ b ⎱ / b \ / b \ / b \

non-pairing:

| b | | b | | b | | b | | b | | b | ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖
⏐ b ⏐ ⏐ b ⏐ ⏐ b ⏐ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ‖ b ‖ ⎪ b ⎪ ⎪ b ⎪ ⎪ b ⎪

Variable-sized operators:

Inline: ∫ ∬ ∭ ⨌ ∫ ⋯ ∫ ∮ ∫ ∑ ∏ ∐ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⨄ ⨆ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂ and Display:

∫ ∬ ∭ ⨌ ∫ ⋯ ∫ ∮ ∫ ∑ ∏ ∐ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⨄ ⨆ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂
∫ 1 f ∫ 1 f ∬ 1 f ∫ 1 f ∑ 1 ∏ 1 ⋀ 1 ⋂ 1 ⨄ 1 ⨀ 1 ∫ N ∫ N ⨌ N ∮ N ∫ N ∑ N ∐ N ⋁ N ⋃ N ⨆ N ⨂ N
∫ 1 N ∫ 1 N ∬ 1 N ∭ 1 N ⨌ 1 N ∫ ⋯ ∫ 1 N ∮ 1 N ∫ 1 N ∑ 1 N ∏ 1 N ∐ 1 N ⋀ 1 N ⋁ 1 N ⋂ 1 N ⋃ 1 N ⨄ 1 N ⨆ 1 N ⨀ 1 N ⨁ 1 N ⨂ 1 N

## Text

The text may contain non-ASCII characters: n Stoß .

Some text-mode LaTeX commands are supported with math_output "html". In other output formats, use literal Unicode: ç é è ë ê ñ ů ž © to get the result of the accent macros \c{c} \'e \`e \"e \^e \~n \r{u} \v{z} \textcircled{c} .