

Network Working Group                                          M. Mohali
Internet-Draft                                     France Telecom Orange
Intended status: Informational                             July 02, 2010
Expires: January 3, 2011


Mapping and interworking of Diversion information Between Diversion and
     History-Info Headers in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
                 draft-mohali-diversion-history-info-07

Abstract

   Although the SIP History-Info header is the solution adopted in IETF,
   the non-standard Diversion header is nevertheless widely implemented
   and used for conveying call diversion related information in the
   Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling.
   This document describes a recommended interworking guideline between
   the Diversion header and the History-Info header to handle call
   diversion information.  In addition, an interworking policy is
   proposed to manage the headers coexistence.  The History-Info header
   is described in [RFC4244] and the non-standard Diversion header is
   described, as Historic, in the [RFC5806].

   Since the Diversion header is used in many existing network
   implementations for the transport of call diversion information, its
   interworking with the SIP History-Info standardized solution is
   needed.  This work is intended to enable the migration from non-
   standard implementations and deployment toward IETF specification-
   based implementations and deployment.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 3, 2011.

Copyright Notice



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   Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.2.  Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Problem Statement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.1.  Interworking requirements and scope  . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.2.  Interworking recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       2.2.1.  SIP network/terminal using Diversion to SIP
               network/terminal using History-Info header . . . . . .  6
       2.2.2.  SIP network/terminal using History-Info header to
               SIP network/terminal using Diversion header  . . . . .  8
   3.  Headers syntaxes reminder  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.1.  History-Info header syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.2.  Diversion header syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   4.  Headers in SIP Method  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   5.  Diversion header to History-Info header  . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   6.  History-Info header to Diversion header  . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   7.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     7.1.  Example with Diversion header changed into
           History-Info header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     7.2.  Example with History-Info header changed into
           Diversion header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     7.3.  Example with two SIP networks using History-Info
           header interworking with a SIP network using Diversion
           header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     7.4.  Additional interworking Cases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   10. Acknowlegements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   Appendix A.  Interworking between Diversion header and
                Voicemail URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23




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1.  Introduction

1.1.  Overview

   For some VoIP-based services (eg.  Voicemail, Interactive Voice
   Recognition (IVR) or automatic call distribution), it is helpful for
   the called SIP user agent to identify from whom and why the session
   was diverted.  For this information to be used in various service
   providers or by applications, it needs to pass through the network.
   This is possible with two different SIP headers: History-Info header
   defined in [RFC4244] and the historic Diversion header defined in
   [RFC5806] which are both able to transport diversion information in
   SIP signaling.
   Although the Diversion header is not standardized, it is widely used.
   Therefore, it is useful to have guidelines to make this header
   interwork with the standard History-Info header.
   Note that the new implementation and deployment of the Diversion
   header is strongly discouraged.

   This document provides a mechanism for header content translation
   between the Diversion header and the History-Info header.

1.2.  Background

   The History-Info header [RFC4244] and its extension for forming SIP
   service URIs (including Voicemail URI) [RFC4458] are recommended by
   IETF to convey redirection information.  They are also recommended in
   the "Communication Diversion (CDIV) service" 3GPP specification
   [TS_24.604].

   Originally, the Diversion header was described in an Internet Draft
   that was submitted to the SIP Working Group.  It has been published
   now as [RFC5806] for the historical record and to provide a reference
   for this RFC.

   This header contains a list of diverting URIs and associated
   information providing specific information as the reason for the call
   diversion.  Most of existing SIP-based implementations have
   implemented the Diversion header when no standard solution was ready
   to deploy.  The IETF has finally standardized the History-Info header
   partly because it can transport general history information.  This
   allows the receiving part to determine how and why the session is
   received.  As the History-Info header may contain further information
   than call diversion information, it is critical to avoid losing
   information and be able to extract the relevant data using the
   retargeting cause URI parameter described in [RFC4458] for the
   transport of the diversion reason.




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   The Diversion header and the History-Info header have different
   syntaxes described below.  Note that the main difference is that the
   History-Info header is a chronological writing header whereas the
   Diversion header applies a reverse chronology (i.e. the first
   diversion entry read corresponds to the last diverting user).

   The Appendix A provides an interworking guideline between the
   Diversion header and the Voicemail URI which is another way to convey
   diversion information.  The Voicemail URI is defined in [RFC4458].


2.  Problem Statement

2.1.  Interworking requirements and scope

   This section provides the baseline terminology used in the rest of
   the document and defines the scope of interworking between the
   Diversion header and the History-Info header.

   They are many ways in which SIP signaling can be used to modify a
   session destination before it is established and many reasons for
   doing so.  The behavior of the SIP entities that will have to further
   process the session downstream will sometimes vary depending on the
   reasons that lead to changing the destination.  For example, whether
   it is for a simple proxy to route the session or for an application
   server to provide a supplementary service.  The Diversion header and
   the History-Info header differ in the approach and scope of
   addressing this problem.


   For clarity, the following vocabulary is used in this document:


   o  Retargeting/redirecting: retargeting/redirecting refer to the
      process of a Proxy Server/User Agent Client (UAC) changing a
      Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) in a request and thus changing
      the target of the request.  These terms are defined in [RFC4244].
      The History-Info header is used to capture retargeting
      information.

   o  Call forwarding/call diversion/communication diversion: these
      terms are equivalent and refer to the Communications Diversion
      (CDIV) supplementary services, based on the ISDN Communication
      diversion supplementary services and defined in 3GPP [TS_24.604].
      They are applicable to entities which are intended to modify the
      original destination of an IP multimedia session during or prior
      to the session establishment.




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   This document does not intend to describe when or how History-Info or
   Diversion headers should be used.  Hereafter is provided
   clarification on the context in which the interworking is required.

   The Diversion header has exactly the same scope as the call diversion
   service and each header entry reflects a call diversion invocation.
   The Diversion header is used for recording call forwarding
   information which could be useful to network entities downstream.
   Today, this SIP header is implemented by several manufacturers and
   deployed in networks.

   The History-Info header is used to store all retargeting information
   including call diversion information.  In practice, the History-Info
   header [RFC4244] is used to convey call diversion related information
   by using a cause URI parameter [RFC4458] in the relevant entry.
   Note, however, that the use of cause URI parameter [RFC4458] in a
   History-Info entry for a call diversion is specific to the 3GPP
   specification [TS_24.604].  [RFC4458] focuses on retargeting toward
   voicemail server and does not specify whether the cause URI parameter
   should be added in a URI for other cases.  As a consequence,
   implementations that do not use the cause URI parameter for call
   forwarding information, are not considered for the mapping described
   in this document.  Nevertheless, some recommendations are given in
   the next sections on how to avoid the loss of non-mapped information
   at the boundary between a network region using History-Info header
   and one using the Diversion header.


   Since both headers address call forwarding needs, diverting
   information could be mixed-up or be inconsistent if both are present
   in an uncoordinated fashion in the INVITE request.  So, Diversion and
   History-Info headers must not independently coexist in the same
   session signaling.  This document addresses how to convert
   information between the Diversion header and the History-Info header,
   and when and how to preserve both headers to cover additional cases.

   For the transportation of consistent diversion information
   downstream, it is necessary to make the two headers interwork.
   Interworking between the Diversion header and the History-Info header
   is introduced in sections 5 and 6.  Since coexistence scenario may
   vary from one use case to another one, guidelines regarding headers
   interaction are proposed.

2.2.  Interworking recommendations

   Interworking function:





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      In a normal case, the network topology assumption is that the
      interworking described in this document should be performed by a
      specific SIP border device which is aware, by configuration, that
      it is at the border between two regions, one using History-Info
      header and one using Diversion header.


   As History-Info header is a standard solution, a network using the
   Diversion header must be able to provide information to a network
   using the History-Info header.  In this case, to avoid headers
   coexistence it is required to replace, as often as possible, the
   Diversion header with the History-Info header in the INVITE request
   during the interworking.

   Since, the History-Info header has a wider scope than the Diversion
   header, it may be used for other needs and services than call
   diversion.  In addition to trace call diversion information, History-
   Info header also acts as a session history and can store all
   successive R-URI values.  Consequently, even if it should be better
   to remove the History-Info header after the creation of the Diversion
   header avoiding confusion, the History-Info header must remain
   unmodified in the SIP signaling if it contains supplementary (non-
   diversion) information.  It is possible to have History-Info headers
   that do not have values that can be mapped into the Diversion header.
   In this case, no interworking with Diversion header should be
   performed and it must be defined per implementation what to do in
   this case.  This point is left out of the scope of this document.

   As a conclusion, it is recommended to have local policies minimizing
   the loss of information and find the best way to keep it up to the
   terminating user agent.


   The following sections describe the basic common use case.
   Additional interworking cases are described in section 7.5.


2.2.1.  SIP network/terminal using Diversion to SIP network/terminal
        using History-Info header

   When the Diversion header is used to create a History-Info header,
   the Diversion header must be removed in the outgoing INVITE.  It is
   considered that all the information present in the Diversion header
   is transferred in the History-Info header.

   If a History-Info header is present in the incoming INVITE (in
   addition to Diversion header), the Diversion header and History-Info
   header present must be mixed and only the diversion information not



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   yet present in the History-Info header must be inserted as a last
   entry (more recent) in the existing History-Info header, as
   recommended in [RFC4244].


   As an example, this could be the case of an INVITE coming from
   network_2 using Diversion header but previously passed through
   network_1 using History-Info header (or the network_2 uses History-
   Info header to transport successive URI information) and going to
   network_3 using History-Info header.


                       IWF*                                  IWF*
     network1           |                network_2            |network_3
    History-Info        |                 Diversion           |using
                        |                                     |Hist-Info
                        |                                     |
UA A    P1     AS B     |       P2     AS C    UA C   AS D    |     UA E
|       |       |       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|INVITE |       |       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|------>|       |       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |INVITE |       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |------>|       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |Supported: histinfo    |       |       |     |       |        |
|       | History-Info:         |       |       |     |       |        |
|       | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,       |       |     |       |        |
|       | <sip:userB >; index=1.1       |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |       |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |INVITE |       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |------>|       |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |History-Info:  |       |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |<sip:proxyP1>; index=1,|       |     |       |        |
|       |       |<sip:userB>; index=1.1 |       |     |       |        |
|       |       |<sip:userC>; cause=302; index=1.1.1  |       |        |


   In this case, the incoming INVITE contains a Diversion header and a
   History-Info header.  Therefore, as recommended in this document, it
   is necessary to create for network_3, a single History-Info header
   gathering existing information from both the History-Info and the
   Diversion headers received.  Anyway, it is required from network_2
   (ie.IWF) to remove the Diversion header when the message is going to
   a network not using the Diversion header.  Then network_3 could use
   call forwarding information that is present in a single header and
   add its own diversion information if necessary.





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   Notes:

   1.  If a network is not able either to use only one header each time,
       or to maintain both headers up to date, the chronological order
       can not be certified.

   2.  It is not possible to have only Diversion header when the
       History-Info header contains more than call diversion
       information.  If previous policy recommendations are applied, the
       chronological order is respected as Diversion entries are
       inserted at the end of the History-Info header taking into
       account the Diversion internal chronology.

2.2.2.  SIP network/terminal using History-Info header to SIP network/
        terminal using Diversion header

   When the History-Info header is interpreted to create a Diversion
   header, some precautions must be taken.
   If the History-Info header contains only call forwarding information,
   then it must be deleted after the interworking.
   If the History-Info header contains other information, then only the
   information of concern to the diverting user must be used to create
   entries in the Diversion header and the History-Info header must be
   kept as received in the INVITE and forwarded downstream.

   Note: The History-Info header could be used for other reasons than
   call diversion services, for example by a service which need to know
   if a specific AS had yet been invoked in the signaling path.  If the
   call is later forwarded to a network using History-Info header, it
   would be better to not lose history information due to passing though
   the network which only support Diversion header.  A recommended
   solution must not disrupt the standard behavior and networks which do
   not implement the History-Info header must be transparent to a
   received History-Info header.

   If a Diversion header is present in the incoming INVITE (in addition
   to History-Info header), only diversion information present in the
   History-Info header but not in the Diversion header must be inserted
   from the last entry (more recent) into the existing Diversion header
   as recommended in the [RFC5806].

   Note that the chronological order could not be certified.  If
   previous policy recommendations are respected, this case should not
   happen.


   Forking case:




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      The History-Info header enables the recording of sequential
      forking for the same served-user.  During an interworking, from
      the History-Info header to Diversion header, the History-Info
      entries containing a forking situation (with an incremented
      "index" parameter) could possibly be mapped if it contains a call
      forwarding "cause" parameter.  The interworking entity could
      choose to create only a Diversion entry or not apply the
      interworking.  The choice could be done according a local policy.


   The same logic is applied for an interworking with Voicemail URI (see
   the Appendix).


3.  Headers syntaxes reminder

3.1.  History-Info header syntax

   History-Info = "History-Info" HCOLON hi-entry *(COMMA hi-entry)

     hi-entry           = hi-targeted-to-uri *( SEMI hi-param )
     hi-targeted-to-uri = name-addr
     hi-param           = hi-index / hi-extension
     hi-index           = "index" EQUAL 1*DIGIT *(DOT 1*DIGIT)
     hi-extension       = generic-param



   The History-Info header is specified in [RFC4244].
   The top-most History-Info entry (first in the list) corresponds to
   the oldest history information.

   A hi-entry may contain a cause URI parameter expressing the diversion
   reason.  This optional cause URI parameter is defined in [RFC4458]
   with the following syntax:

   cause-param = "cause" EQUAL Status-Code

   This parameter is also named cause-param and should be inserted in
   the History-Info entry (URI) of the diverted-to user in case of call
   diversion as recommended in the 3GPP CDIV specification [TS_24.604].
   The cause values used in the cause-param for the diverting reason are
   listed in the RFC and because it is a parameter dedicated to call
   forwarding service, its presence is used to determine that a hi-entry
   is a diverting user.  More precisely, each diverting user is located
   in the hi-entry before the one containing a cause-param with cause
   value as listed in RFC 4458.
   Moreover, the Reason header defined in [RFC3326] should be escaped in



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   the hi-entry of the diverting user when the call diversion is due to
   a received SIP response.  The Reason header contains a cause
   parameter set to the true SIP response code received (Status-Code).
   Therefore, in case of call diversion due to a SIP response, both
   cause parameters should be used.  The complexity is that these
   parameters could be used at the same time in the History-Info header
   but not in the same hi-entry and not with the same meaning.  Only the
   cause-param is dedicated to call diversion service.  The 'cause'
   Reason header parameter is not taken into account in the mapping with
   a Diversion header.

   The [RFC4458] also defines the 'target' URI parameter which could be
   inserted in a R-URI and consequently in the hi-targeted-to-uri.  This
   parameter is used to keep the diverting user address in the
   downstream INVITE request in Voicemail URI implementation.  As this
   information is already present in the hi-entries, the 'target' URI
   parameter is not taken into account regarding the interworking with
   the Diversion header.  From the Diversion header, it could be
   possible to create the 'target' URI parameter in the hi-entries
   and/or in the R-URI but this possibility is based on local policies
   not described in this document.

   A Privacy header as defined in [RFC3323] could also be included in
   hi-entries with the 'history' value defined in the [RFC4244].

   The index parameter is a string of digits, separated by dots to
   indicate the number of forward hops and retargets.


   Note: A history entry could contain the "gr" parameter.  Regardless
   the rules concerning "gr" parameter defined in [TS_24.604] which must
   be applied, this parameter has no impact on the mapping and must only
   be copied with the served user address.


   Example:

   History-Info:
   <sip: diverting_user1_addr?Privacy=none?Reason=SIP%3Bcause%
   3D302>;index=1,
   <sip: diverting_user2_addr;cause=480?Privacy=history>;index=1.1,
   <sip:last_diversion_target;cause=486>; index=1.1.1


   Policy concerning "histinfo" option tag in Supported header:
   According to [RFC4244], a proxy that receives a Request with the
   "histinfo" option tag in the Supported header should return captured
   History-Info in subsequent, provisional and final responses to the



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   Request.  The behavior depends upon whether the local policy supports
   the capture of History-Info or not.



3.2.  Diversion header syntax

   The following text is restating the exact syntax that the production
   rules in [RFC5806] define, but using [RFC5234] ABNF:

   Diversion = "Diversion" HCOLON diversion-params
                                 *(COMMA diversion-params)

    diversion-params    = name-addr *(SEMI (diversion-reason /
                          diversion-counter / diversion-limit /
                          diversion-privacy / diversion-screen /
                          diversion-extension))
    diversion-reason    = "reason" EQUAL ("unknown" / "user-busy" /
                          "no-answer" / "unavailable" / "unconditional"
                          / "time-of-day" / "do-not-disturb" /
                          "deflection" / "follow-me" / "out-of-service"
                          / "away" / token / quoted-string)
    diversion-counter   = "counter" EQUAL 1*2DIGIT
    diversion-limit     = "limit" EQUAL 1*2DIGIT
    diversion-privacy   = "privacy" EQUAL ("full" / "name" / "uri" /
                          "off" / token / quoted-string)
    diversion-screen    = "screen" EQUAL ("yes" / "no" / token /
                          quoted-string)
    diversion-extension = token [EQUAL (token / quoted-string)]



   Note: The Diversion header could be used in the comma-separated
   format as described below and in a header-separated format.  Both
   formats could be combined a received INVITE as recommended in
   [RFC3261].


   Example:

   Diversion:

   diverting_user2_addr; reason="user-busy"; counter=1; privacy=full,
   diverting_user1_addr; reason="unconditional"; counter=1; privacy=off







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4.  Headers in SIP Method

   The recommended interworking presented in this document should apply
   only for INVITE requests.

   In 3xx responses, both headers could be present.
   When a proxy wants to interwork with a network supporting the other
   header field, it should apply the interworking between Diversion
   header and History-Info header in the 3xx response.
   When a recursing proxy redirects an initial INVITE after receiving a
   3xx response, it should add as a last entry either a Diversion header
   or History-Info header (according to its capabilities) in the
   forwarded INVITE.  Local policies could apply to send the received
   header in the next INVITE or not.

   Other messages where History-Info could be present are not used for
   the Call Forwarding service and should not be changed into Diversion
   header.  The destination network must be transparent to the received
   History-Info header.

   Note : the following mapping is inspired from the ISUP to SIP
   interworking described in [TS_29.163].


5.  Diversion header to History-Info header

   The following text is valid only if no History-Info is present in the
   INVITE request.  If at least one History-Info header is present, the
   interworking function must adapt its behavior to respect the
   chronological order.  See section 2.2.
   For N Diversion entries N+1 History-Info entries must be created.  To
   create the History-Info entries in the same order than during a
   session establishment, the Diversion entries must be mapped from the
   bottom-most until the top-most.  Each Diversion entry shall be mapped
   into a History-Info entry.  An additional History-Info entry (the
   last one) must be created with the diverted-to party address present
   in the R-URI of the received INVITE.  The mapping is described below.

   The first entry created in the History-Info header contains:

      - a hi-target-to-uri with the name-addr parameter of the bottom-
      most Diversion header

      - if a privacy parameter is present in the bottom-most Diversion
      entry, then a Privacy header could be escaped in the History-Info
      header as described below,





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      - an index set to 1.


   For each following Diversion entry (from bottom to top), the History-
   info entries are created as following (from top to bottom):
Source                                   Destination
Diversion header component:              History-Info header component:
=======================================================================
Name-addr                                Hi-target-to-uri

=======================================================================
Reason of the previous                   cause-param (not present in
Diversion entry                          the first created hi-entry)
"unknown"---------------------------------404 (default 'cause' value)
"unconditional"---------------------------302
"user-busy"-------------------------------486
"no-answer"-------------------------------408
"deflection "-----------------------------480 or 487
"unavailable"-----------------------------404
"time-of-day"-----------------------------404 (default)
"do-not-disturb"--------------------------404 (default)
"follow-me"-------------------------------404 (default)
"out-of-service"--------------------------404 (default)
"away"------------------------------------404 (default)

=======================================================================
Counter                                   Hi-index
"1" or parameter -------------------------The previous created index
no present                                is incremented with ".1"
Superior to "1" --------------------------Create N-1 placeholder History
(i.e. N)                                  entry with the previous index
                                          incremented with ".1"
                                          Then the History-Info header
                                          created with the Diversion
                                          entry with the previous index
                                          incremented with ".1"
=======================================================================
Privacy                                   Privacy header escaped in the
                                          hi-targeted-to-uri
"full"------------------------------------"history"
"Off"-------------------------------------Privacy header field
                                          absent or "none"
"name"------------------------------------"history"
"uri"-------------------------------------"history"
=======================================================================

   A last History-Info entry is created and contains:




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      - a hi-target-to-uri with the Request-URI of the INVITE request.

      - a cause-param from the top-most Diversion entry, mapped from the
      diversion-reason as described above.

      - if a privacy parameter is present in the top-most Diversion
      entry, then a Privacy header could be escaped in the History-Info
      header as described above,

      - an index set to the previous created index and incremented with
      ".1"


   Notes:

   1.  For other optional Diversion parameters, there is no
       recommendation as History-Info header does not provide equivalent
       parameters.

   2.  For values of the diversion-reason values which are mapped with a
       recommended default value, it could also be possible to choose
       another value.  The cause-param URI parameter offers less
       possible values than the diversion-reason parameter.  However, it
       has been considered that cause-param values list was sufficient
       to implement CDIV service as defined in 3GPP[TS_24.604] as it
       cover a large portion of cases.

   3.  The Diversion header could contain a Tel:URI in the name-addr
       parameter but it seems not possible to have a Tel:URI in the
       History-Info header.  [RFC3261] gives an indication as to the
       mapping between sip: and tel: URIs but in this particular case it
       is difficult to assign a valid hostport as the diversion has
       occurred in a previous network and a valid hostport is difficult
       to determine.  So, it is suggested that in case of Tel:URI in the
       Diversion header, the History-Info header should be created with
       a SIP URI with user=phone.

   4.  The Diversion header allows the carrying of a counter that
       retains the information about the number of successive
       redirections.  History-Info does not have an equivalent because
       to trace and count the number of diversion it is necessary to
       count cause parameter containing a value associated to a call
       diversion.  Read the index value is not enough.  With the use of
       the "placeholder" entry the History-info header entries could
       reflect the real number of diversion occurred.






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   Example of placeholder entry in the History-Info header:

      <sip:unknown@unknown.invalid;cause=xxx>;index=1.1

      <sip:bob_addr;cause=404>;index=1.1.1


   "cause=xxx" reflects the diverting reason of a previous diverting
   user.  For a placeholder hi-entry the value "404" must be taken for
   the cause-param and so, located in the next hi-entry.

   Concerning local policies recommendations about headers coexistence
   in the INVITE request, see sections 2.2 and 7.5.


6.  History-Info header to Diversion header

   To create the Diversion entries in the same order than during a
   session establishment, the History-Info entries must be mapped from
   the top-most until the bottom-most.  The first History-Info header
   entry selected will be mapped into the last Diversion header entry
   and so on.  One Diversion header entry must be created for each
   History-Info entry with a cause-param reflecting a diverting reason
   as listed in the [RFC4458].

   In this case, the History-Info header must be mapped into the
   Diversion header as following:
























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   Source                                    Destination
   History-Info header component:            Diversion header component:
   =====================================================================
   Hi-target-to-uri of the                   Name-addr
   History-Info which precedes the one
   containing a diverting cause-param

   =====================================================================
   Cause-param                               Reason
   404---------------------------------------"unknown" (default value)
   302---------------------------------------"unconditional"
   486---------------------------------------"user-busy"
   408---------------------------------------"no-answer"
   480 or 487--------------------------------"deflection "
   503---------------------------------------"unavailable"

   =====================================================================
   Hi-index                                   Counter
   Mandatory parameter for--------------------The counter is set to "1".
   History-Info reflecting
   the chronological order
   of the information.
   =====================================================================
   Privacy header [RFC3323]escaped in the     Privacy
   hi-targeted-to-uri of the
   History-Info which precedes the one
   containing a diverting cause-param.
   Optional parameter for History-Info,
   this Privacy indicates that this
   specific History-Info header should
   not be forwarded.
   "history"----------------------------------"full"
   Privacy header field ----------------------"Off"
   Absent or "none"

   =====================================================================


   Note: For other optional History-Info parameters, there is no
   recommendation as Diversion header does not provide equivalent
   parameters.

   Concerning local policies recommendations about headers coexistence
   in the INVITE request, see section 2.2.







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7.  Examples

7.1.  Example with Diversion header changed into History-Info header

   INVITE last_diverting_target
   Diversion:
   diverting_user3_address;reason=unconditional;counter=1;privacy=off,
   diverting_user2_address;reason=user-busy;counter=1;privacy=full,
   diverting_user1_address;reason=no-answer;counter=1;privacy=off

   Mapped into:

   History-Info:
   <sip: diverting_user1_address; privacy=none >; index=1,
   <sip: diverting_user2_address; cause=408?privacy=history>;index=1.1,
   <sip: diverting_user3_address; cause=486?privacy=none>;index=1.1.1,
   <sip: last_diverting_target; cause=302>;index=1.1.1.1

7.2.  Example with History-Info header changed into Diversion header

   History-Info:
   <sip: diverting_user1_address?privacy=history >; index=1,
   <sip: diverting_user2_address; cause=302? privacy=none>;index=1.1,
   <sip: last_diverting_target; cause=486>;index=1.1.1

   Mapped into:

   Diversion:
   diverting_user2_address; reason=user-busy; counter=1; privacy=off,
   diverting_user1_address; reason=unconditional; counter=1;
   privacy=full

7.3.  Example with two SIP networks using History-Info header
      interworking with a SIP network using Diversion header

   A -> P1 -> B -> C -> P2 -> D-> E
   A, B, C, D and E are users.
   B, C and D have Call Forwarding service invoked.
   P1 and P2 are proxies.
   Only relevant information is shown on the following call flow.











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                          IWF*                                IWF*
     SIP network using     |           SIP network using       |SIP net.
       History-Info        |                Diversion          |using
                           |                                   Hist-Info
                           |                                   |
   UA A    P1     AS B     |      P2     AS C    UA C   AS D   |    UA E
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |INV B  |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |------>|       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |INV B  |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |------>|       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |Supported: histinfo   |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       | History-Info:        |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,      |       |     |      |       |
   |       | <sip:userB >; index=1.1      |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |INV C  |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |------>|      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |History-Info: |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,|       |     |      |       |
   |       |       <sip:userB>; index=1.1 |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       <sip:userC; cause=302>; index=1.1.1  |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |INV C |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |----->|       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |Diversion:    |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |B reason= unconditional counter=1  |       |
   |       |       |       |History-Info: |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,|     |      |       |
   |       |       |       <sip:userB>; index=1.1 |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |INV C  |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |------>|       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |     No modification of Diversion due to P2|
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |INV C  |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |------>|     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |<--180-|     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |  No response timer expire  |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |---INV D --->|      |       |
   |       |       |Diversion:                          |      |       |
   |       |       |userC; reason=no-answer; counter=1; privacy=full,  |
   |       |       |userB; reason=unconditional; counter=1; privacy=off,
   |       |       |    History-Info:                   |      |       |



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   |       |       |    <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,         |      |       |
   |       |       |    <sip:userB>; index=1.1          |      |       |
   |       |       |    <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1  |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |INV E |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |----->|       |
   |       |       |Diversion:                                 |       |
   |       |       |userD; reason=time-of-day; counter=1; privacy=off  |
   |       |       |userC; reason=no-answer; counter=1; privacy=full,  |
   |       |       |userB; reason=unconditional; counter=1; privacy=off,
   |       |       |     History-Info:                         |       |
   |       |       |     <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,               |       |
   |       |       |     <sip:userB>; index=1.1                |       |
   |       |       |     <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |       |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      | INV E |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |      |------>|
   |       |       | History-Info:                                     |
   |       |       |  <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,                          |
   |       |       |  <sip:userB ?privacy=none>; index=1.1,            |
   |       |       |  <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1,           |
   |       |       |  <sip:userC ?privacy=history>; index=1.1.1.1,     |
   |       |      <sip:userD; cause=408 ?privacy=none>; index=1.1.1.1.1,
   |       |       |  <sip:userE; cause=404>; index=1.1.1.1.1.1        |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |       |      |
   |       |       |       |      |       |       |     |       |      |

   * Note: The IWF is an interworking function which could be a stand-
    alone equipment not defined in this document (it could be a proxy).

7.4.  Additional interworking Cases

   Even if for particular cases in which both headers could coexist, it
   should be the network local policy responsibility to make it work
   together.  Here are described some situations and some
   recommendations on the behavior to follow.

   In the case where there is one network which includes different
   nodes, some of them supporting Diversion header and other ones
   supporting History-info header, there is a problem when any node
   handling a message does not know the next node that will handle the
   message.  This case can occur when the network has new and old nodes,
   the older ones using Diversion header and the more recent History-
   Info header.

   While a network replacement may be occurring there will be a time
   when both nodes coexist in the network.  If the different nodes are
   being used to support different subscriber types due to different



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   node capabilities then the problem is more important.  In this case
   there is a need to pass both History-Info header and Diversion header
   within the core network.

   These headers need to be equivalent to ensure that, whatever the node
   receiving the message, the correct diversion information is received.
   This requires that whatever the received header, there is a
   requirement to be able to compare the headers and to convert the
   headers.  Depending upon the node capability, it may be possible to
   make assumptions as to how this is handled.


   o  If it is known that the older Diversion header supporting nodes do
      not pass on any received History-Info header then the interworking
      becomes easier.  If a message is received with only Diversion
      headers then it has originated from an 'old' node.  The equivalent
      History-Info entries can be created and these can then be passed
      as well as the Diversion header.

   o  If the node creates a new History-Info header for a call
      diversion, then an additional Diversion header must be created.

   o  If the next node is an 'old' node then the Diversion header will
      be used by that node and the History-Info entries will be removed
      from the message when it is passed on.

   o  If the next node is a new node then the presence of both Diversion
      header and History-Info header means that interworking has already
      occurred and the Diversion and History-Info entries must be
      considered equivalent.

   o  If both nodes pass on both History-Info header and Diversion
      header but only actively use one, then both types of node need to
      perform the interworking and must maintain equivalence between the
      headers.  This will eventually result in the use of Diversion
      header being deprecated when all nodes in the network support
      History-Info header.


8.  IANA Considerations

   This document makes no request of IANA.


9.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations in [RFC4244] and [RFC5806] apply.




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   The use of Diversion header or History-Info header require to apply
   the requested privacy and integrity asked by each diverting user or
   entity.  Without integrity, the requested privacy functions could be
   downgraded or eliminated, potentially exposing identity information.
   Without confidentiality, eavesdroppers on the network (or any
   intermediaries between the user and the privacy service) could see
   the very personal information that the user has asked the privacy
   service to obscure.  Unauthorised insertion, deletion of modification
   of those headers can provide misleading information to users and
   applications.  A SIP entity that can provide a redirection reason in
   a History-Info header or Diversion header should be able to suppress
   this in accordance with privacy requirements of the user concerned.


10.  Acknowlegements

   The editor would like to acknowledge the constructive feedback and
   support provided by Steve Norreys, Jan Van Geel, Martin Dolly,
   Francisco Silva, Guiseppe Sciortino, Cinza Amenta, Christer Holmberg,
   Ian Elz, Jean-Francois Mule, Mary Barnes, Francois Audet, Erick
   Sasaki, Shida Schubert, Joel M. Halpern, Bob Braden and Robert
   Sparks.  Merci a Lionel Morand, Xavier Marjou and Philippe Fouquart.


11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC3261]  "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.

   [RFC3323]  "A Privacy Mechanism for the Session Initiation Protocol
              (SIP)", RFC 3323, November 2002.

   [RFC3326]  "The Reason Header Field for the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3326, December 2002.

   [RFC4244]  "An Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for
              Request History Information", RFC 4244, November 2005.

   [RFC5806]  "Diversion Indication in SIP", March 2010.

11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4458]  "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) URIs for Applications
              such as Voicemail and Interactive Voice Response (IVR)",
              RFC 4458, April 2006.

   [RFC5234]  "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 5234,



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              January 2008.

   [TS_24.604]
              3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical
              Specification Group Core Network and Terminals ;
              Communication Diversion (CDIV) using IP Multimedia
              (IM)Core Network (CN) subsystem ; Protocol specification
              (Release 8), 3GPP TS 24.604", December 2008.

   [TS_29.163]
              3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical
              Specification Group Core Network and Terminals ;
              Interworking between the IP Multimedia (IM) Core Network
              (CN) Subsystem and Circuit Switched (CS) networks (Release
              8)", December 2008.


Appendix A.  Interworking between Diversion header and Voicemail URI

   Voicemail URI is a mechanism described in RFC4458 to provide a simple
   way to transport only one redirecting user address and the reason why
   the diversion occurred in the R-URI of the INVITE request.  This
   mechanism is mainly used for call diversion to a voicemail.


   Diversion header to Voicemail URI:

   Received:
   Diversion: userA-address;reason=user-busy;counter=1;privacy=full

   Sent (Voicemail URI created in the R-URI line of the INVITE):
   sip: voicemail@example.com;target=userA-address;cause=486 SIP/2.0

   Mapping of the Redirection Reason is the same as for History-Info
   header with a default value set to 404.
   If the Diversion header contains more than one Diversion entry, the
   choice of the redirecting user information inserted in the URI is in
   charge of the network local policy.  For example, the choice
   criterion of the redirecting information inserted in the URI could be
   the destination of forwarded INVITE request (if the voicemail serves
   this user or not).

   Note: This interworking could be done in addition to the interworking
   of the Diversion header into the History-Info header.


   Voicemail URI to Diversion header:
   In case of real Voicemail, this way of interworking should not



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   happen.  However, if for any reason it occurs, it is recommended to
   do it as following:

   Received:
   INVITE sip: voicemail@example.com;\
   target=sip:+33145454500%40example.com;user=phone;\
   cause=302 SIP/2.0

   Sent in the forwarded INVITE:
   Diversion: sip:+
   33145454500%40example.com;user=phone;reason=unconditional;counter=1


Author's Address

   Marianne Mohali
   France Telecom Orange
   38-40 rue du General Leclerc
   Issy-Les-Moulineaux Cedex 9  92794
   France

   Phone: +33 1 45 29 45 14
   Email: marianne.mohali@orange-ftgroup.com




























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