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The SAM extension interfaces to the IBM Messaging and Queuing middleware products using a set of libraries and some client side code referred to as XMS. This package is available as a free download in the guise of IBM support pack IA94. There is a description of this package and download links in the article Introducing XMS - The IBM Message Service API.

If you intend to use SAM to access the Messaging and Queuing infrastructure within WebSphere MQ then you will also need to have installed a local MQ queue manager or installed the WebSphere MQ clients package. The clients package is freely available as a support pack (MQC6).

If you are only aiming to experiment with sending messages to and from WebSphere Application Server queues using the `WebSphere Platform Messaging protocol (WPM)` then you do not need to install the MQC6 package.

After installing these packages you will need to ensure the XMS binary and, if you are using it, the MQ client bin directory are included in the PATH environment variable so that Apache and PHP can find the dependent .DLLs/libraries.

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The SAM framework and MQTT support can be built and used without any other prerequisites. Support for protocols other than MQTT is provided via a set of libraries and some client side code referred to as XMS.

If you only intend to use the built-in MQTT support then you can build and configure SAM as an extension or simply refer to `php_sam.php` with a `require` or `require_once` clause in your PHP script. In this case you need only install the code without building the extension using the pear installer:

    pecl install -B SAM

### Linux installation steps

The sam extension is supplied as a PECL module, which you should be able to download and install in one step as follows:

    pecl install sam

(Depending on your php environment, you will probably need to be root to do this.)

Make sure that the module is loaded by PHP, by adding following line to &php.ini;:

    extension=sam.so

If you intend to use the XMS support to access the IBM Messaging and Queuing family you must also enable the SAM XMS extension.

    extension=sam_xms.so

If you cannot use the PEAR installer, you can download the extension and build it manually:

    pear download sam          #downloads sam-<version>.tgz
    tar -xzf sam-<version>.tgz
    cd sam-<version>
    phpize
    ./configure
    make
    make install               #you may need to be root for this step

To work with the very latest source, you'll need to extract it from SVN and build manually as above.

### Windows installation steps

You will probably need to build the sam extension for Windows as there are only a limited range of pre-built binaries available from the SAM website. The extension can be built using the standard Windows extension build procedures.

You will need the PHP source tree for the version of PHP you wish to build the SAM extension against which you can obtain from php.net. This should be unpacked into a working directory of your choice.

You will also need the libraries and headers used by PHP extensions available from http://www.php.net/extra/win32build.zip and this should be unzipped so that is in your working directory.

You should have something like:

    c:\php-build\-
                  |
                  |---php-5.0.5--|---build
                  |              |---ext
                  |              |--- ...
                  |
                  |---win32build--|---bin
                                  |---include
                                  |---lib

You will need a compiler such as the free version of Visual Studio C++ Express from the Microsoft web site. Also you need the Microsoft `SDK Microsoft Windows Platform` which again can be downloaded from the Microsoft web site.

Obtain the SAM extension source using pear (pecl download sam) or by using SVN and copy the files to a new "sam" directory under the "ext" directory in your PHP source tree.

To build the extension open a build environment window by going to the start

    menu->all programs->microsoft platform SDK for windows->
        open build environment window->windows 200 build environment->
        set windows 2000 build environment (retail)

This should open a command prompt with all the environment variables set up to access the platform SDK etc. You then need to set the environment variables for Visual Studio by issuing the command `vcvars32.bat` in the window.

Change directory to your working directory e.g. cd `c:\php-build`. Then make sure the win32build tools are accessible by adding them to the PATH environment variable:

    set PATH=..\win32build\bin;%PATH%

Run the `buildconf.bat` command. This should rebuild the `configure.js` file.

Run the `cscript` command with the appropriate options. To build just the SAM extension framework and MQTT support use:

    cscript /nologo configure.js --with-sam

To build the SAM framework and the XMS support use:

    cscript /nologo configure.js --with-sam --with-sam_xms="c:\program files\ibm\xms"

The additional parameter passed for sam_xms is the installation path to the XMS libraries and runtime that were installed as described under prerequisites at the top of this page.

You can specify whatever other `cscript` parameters you require to include or exclude items from the php build or select options.

Assuming all has gone well so far you can now finally run a make for the SAM framework!

    nmake php_sam.dll

Also if you are using the XMS support you must make the sam_xms extensions:

    nmake php_sam_xms.dll

If you have used Visual Studio 2005 to build the DLLs please see below for additional steps that must be carried out before proceeding further.

The DLLs created (`php_sam.dll` and optionally `php_sam_xms.dll`) can now be copied to the subdirectory appropriate for your PHP set-up. Make sure that the module(s) are loaded by PHP, by adding following line to &php.ini;:

    extension=php_sam.dll

If you intend to use the XMS support to access the IBM Messaging and Queuing family you must also enable the SAM XMS extension.

    extension=php_sam_xms.dll

### Additional steps for Visual Studio 2005

If you build the SAM extension with the Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 compiler and tools you need to perform an additional step in the build process to ensure the `php_sam.dll` is able to link with the C runtime libraries at runtime. This step includes the dependancy manifest into the DLL. Switch to the directory where the `php_sam.dll` has been generated (usually Release_TS or Debug_TS below the php source directory) and issue the following magic incantation:

    mt.exe -manifest php_sam.dll.manifest -outputresource:php_sam.dll;2

If you are using the XMS capabilities you will need to do the same with the SAM XMS DLL:

    mt.exe -manifest php_sam_xms.dll.manifest -outputresource:php_sam_xms.dll;2

If you build the SAM extension using the compiler and libraries from Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 you will also need to ensure that the runtime components are installed on the system on which you intend to use SAM. This can be accomplished by installing Visual Studio 2005 or by using the freely distributable runtime package.

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### Protocol support and mapping

The SAM framework can be extended to support other messaging protocols and connection mechanisms. To add support for a new protocol or connection library a support class has to be defined, either as a C extension or as a PHP script, and a "factory" script must be created. The support class must implement all the methods of the SAMConnection class though it should not inherit from SAMConnection. The factory script will be called by the SAM framework to create an instance of the implemented class. The way SAM chooses which factory to call is based on the protocol specified as the first parameter of the "connect" call.

By default the built-in MQTT support will be used if a connect call specifies a protocol of SAM_MQTT ("mqtt"), for any other protocol SAM will attempt to use the XMS support extension. To add support for additional protocols or to modify the default behavior entries may be added to &php.ini; in the [sam] section. The default mapping is equivalent to the following entries:

    [sam]
    sam.factory.mqtt=mqtt
    sam.factory.wmq=xms
    sam.factory.wmq:client=xms
    sam.factory.wmq:bindings=xms
    sam.factory.wpm=xms
    sam.factory.rtt=xms

As can be seen from these examples the entries take the form of "sam.factory.pppp=xxx" where pppp is the protocol string specified on the connect call and xxx is a factory suffix. Note: SAM defines constants for these protocol strings such that `SAM_WMQ=wmq`, `SAM_WPM=wpm`, `SAM_RTT=rtt`, `SAM_MQTT=mqtt`, etc.

When identifying the support code to use on a connect call SAM looks up the protocol name in the &php.ini; entries and then invokes a factory script named `sam_factory_xxx.php`. If no entry is found the support will default to XMS.

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