org.apache.commons.httpclient (HttpClient 3.1 API)
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## Package org.apache.commons.httpclient

Classes and interfaces supporting the client side of the HTTP protocol.

See:
Description

Interface Summary
Credentials | Authentication credentials.
HttpConnectionManager | An interface for classes that manage HttpConnections.
HttpMethod | HttpMethod interface represents a request to be sent via a `HTTP connection` and a corresponding response.
HttpMethodRetryHandler | A handler for determining if an HttpMethod should be retried after a recoverable exception during execution.
MethodRetryHandler | Deprecated. use `HttpMethodRetryHandler`

Class Summary
ChunkedInputStream | Transparently coalesces chunks of a HTTP stream that uses Transfer-Encoding chunked.
ChunkedOutputStream | Implements HTTP chunking support.
ConnectMethod | Establishes a tunneled HTTP connection via the CONNECT method.
ContentLengthInputStream | Cuts the wrapped InputStream off after a specified number of bytes.
Cookie | HTTP "magic-cookie" represents a piece of state information that the HTTP agent and the target server can exchange to maintain a session.
DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler | The default `HttpMethodRetryHandler` used by `HttpMethod`s.
DefaultMethodRetryHandler | Deprecated. use `DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler`
Header | An HTTP header.
HeaderElement | One element of an HTTP header's value.
HeaderGroup | A class for combining a set of headers.
HostConfiguration | Holds all of the variables needed to describe an HTTP connection to a host.
HttpClient | An HTTP "user-agent", containing an `HTTP state` and one or more `HTTP connections`, to which `HTTP methods` can be applied.
HttpConnection | An abstraction of an HTTP `InputStream` and `OutputStream` pair, together with the relevant attributes.
HttpConstants | Deprecated. use EncodingUtil class
HttpHost | Holds all of the variables needed to describe an HTTP connection to a host.
HttpMethodBase | An abstract base implementation of HttpMethod.
HttpParser | A utility class for parsing http header values according to RFC-2616 Section 4 and 19.3.
HttpState | A container for HTTP attributes that may persist from request to request, such as `cookies` and authentication `credentials`.
HttpStatus | Constants enumerating the HTTP status codes.
HttpsURL | The HTTPS URL.
HttpURL | The HTTP URL.
HttpVersion | HTTP version, as specified in RFC 2616.
MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager | Manages a set of HttpConnections for various HostConfigurations.
NameValuePair | A simple class encapsulating a name/value pair.
NTCredentials | `Credentials` for use with the NTLM authentication scheme which requires additional information.
ProxyClient | A client that provides `sockets` for communicating through HTTP proxies via the HTTP CONNECT method.
ProxyClient.ConnectResponse | Contains the method used to execute the connect along with the created socket.
ProxyHost | Holds all of the variables needed to describe an HTTP connection to a proxy.
SimpleHttpConnectionManager | A connection manager that provides access to a single HttpConnection.
StatusLine | Represents a Status-Line as returned from a HTTP server.
URI | The interface for the URI(Uniform Resource Identifiers) version of RFC 2396.
URI.LocaleToCharsetMap | A mapping to determine the (somewhat arbitrarily) preferred charset for a given locale.
UsernamePasswordCredentials | Username and password `Credentials`.

Exception Summary
CircularRedirectException | Signals a circular redirect
ConnectionPoolTimeoutException | A timeout while connecting waiting for an available connection from an HttpConnectionManager.
ConnectTimeoutException | A timeout while connecting to an HTTP server or waiting for an available connection from an HttpConnectionManager.
HttpContentTooLargeException | Signals that the response content was larger than anticipated.
HttpException | Signals that an HTTP or HttpClient exception has occurred.
HttpRecoverableException | Deprecated. no longer used
InvalidRedirectLocationException | Signals violation of HTTP specification caused by an invalid redirect location
NoHttpResponseException | Signals that the target server failed to respond with a valid HTTP response.
ProtocolException | Signals that an HTTP protocol violation has occurred.
RedirectException | Signals violation of HTTP specification caused by an invalid redirect
URI.DefaultCharsetChanged | The charset-changed normal operation to represent to be required to alert to user the fact the default charset is changed.
URIException | The URI parsing and escape encoding exception.

Error Summary
HttpClientError | Signals that an error has occurred.

## Package org.apache.commons.httpclient Description

### Classes and interfaces supporting the client side of the HTTP protocol.

The HttpClient component supports the client-side of RFC 1945 (HTTP/1.0) and RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1), several related specifications (RFC 2109 (Cookies), RFC 2617 (HTTP Authentication), etc.), and provides a framework by which new request types (methods) or HTTP extensions can can be easily created or supported.

The basis for the abstraction is provided by three types:

`HttpConnection`
  represents a network connection to some HTTP host.
`HttpMethod`
  represents a request to be made over some `HttpConnection` and contains the server's response.
`HttpState`
  contains the HTTP attributes that may persist from request to request, such as cookies and authentication credentials.

and several simple bean-style classes:

`Cookie`
  represents HTTP cookie.
`Credentials`
  an interface representing a set of authentication credentials.
`Header`
  represents an HTTP request or response header.
`HeaderElement`
  represents a single element of a multi-part header.
`UsernamePasswordCredentials`
  a username and password pair.

`HttpClient` provides a simple "user-agent" implementation that will suffice for many applications, but whose use is not required.

HttpClient also provides several utilities that may be useful when extending the framework:

`HttpMethodBase`
  an abstract base implementation of `HttpMethod`, which may be extended to create new method types or to support additional protocol HTTP features.
`HttpStatus`
  an enumeration of HttpStatus codes.
`ChunkedOutputStream`
  an `OutputStream` wrapper supporting the "chunked" transfer encoding.
`ChunkedInputStream`
  an `InputStream` wrapper supporting the "chunked" transfer encoding.
`URIUtil`
  provides utilities for encoding and decoding URI's in the `%HH` format.

#### HttpClient Configuration with Java Properties

Java properties can be set at run time with the `-Dname=value`command line arguments to the application that uses HttpClient. These properties can also be set programaticly by calling `System.getProperties().setProperty(name, value)`. This is the list of properties that HttpClient recognizes:

Name | Type | Effect
--- | --- | ---
httpclient.useragent | String | Sets the User-Agent string to be sent on every HTTP request.
httpclient.authentication.preemptive | boolean | Sends authorization credentials without requiring explicit requests from the web server

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