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# std::inner_product

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | algorithm

Defined in header `<numeric>` |  |
template< class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class T > T inner_product( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2, T value ); | (1) |
template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class T, class BinaryOperation1, class BinaryOperation2> T inner_product( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2, T value, BinaryOperation1 op1, BinaryOperation2 op2 ); | (2) |

Computes inner product (i.e. sum of products) of the range `[first1, last1)` and another range beginning at `first2`. The first version uses `operator*` to compute product of the element pairs and `operator+` to sum up the products, the second version uses `op2` and `op1` for these tasks respectively.

`op1` and `op2` must not have side effects. | (until C++11)
`op1` and `op2` must not invalidate any iterators, including the end iterators, or modify any elements of the ranges involved. | (since C++11)

### [edit] Parameters

first1, last1 | - | the first range of elements
first2 | - | the beginning of the second range of elements
value | - | initial value of the sum of the products
op1 | - | binary operation function object that will be applied. This "sum" function takes a value returned by op2 and the current value of the accumulator and produces a new value to be stored in the accumulator. The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following: Ret fun(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b); The signature does not need to have const &. The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that objects of types T and Type3 can be implicitly converted to Type1 and Type2 respectively. The type Ret must be such that an object of type T can be assigned a value of type Ret. ​
op2 | - | binary operation function object that will be applied. This "product" function takes one value from each range and produces a new value. The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following: Ret fun(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b); The signature does not need to have const &. The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that objects of types InputIt1 and InputIt2 can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type1 and Type2 respectively. The type Ret must be such that an object of type Type3 can be assigned a value of type Ret. ​
Type requirements
- `InputIt1, InputIt2` must meet the requirements of `InputIterator`.
- `T` must meet the requirements of `CopyAssignable` and `CopyConstructible`.

### [edit] Return value

The inner product of two ranges.

### [edit] Possible implementation

First version
    template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class T>
    T inner_product(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1,
                    InputIt2 first2, T value)
    {
        while (first1 != last1) {
             value = value + *first1 * *first2;
             ++first1;
             ++first2;
        }
        return value;
    }
Second version
    template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2,
             class T,
             class BinaryOperation1, class BinaryOperation2>
    T inner_product(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1,
                    InputIt2 first2, T value,
                    BinaryOperation1 op1
                    BinaryOperation2 op2)
    {
        while (first1 != last1) {
             value = op1(value, op2(*first1, *first2));
             ++first1;
             ++first2;
        }
        return value;
    }

### [edit] Example

Run this code

    #include <numeric>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <vector>
    #include <functional>
    int main()
    {
        std::vector<int> a{0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
        std::vector<int> b{5, 4, 2, 3, 1};

        int r1 = std::inner_product(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), 0);
        std::cout << "Inner product of a and b: " << r1 << '\n';

        int r2 = std::inner_product(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), 0,
                                    std::plus<int>(), std::equal_to<int>());
        std::cout << "Number of pairwise matches between a and b: " <<  r2 << '\n';
    }

Output:

    Inner product of a and b: 21
    Number of pairwise matches between a and b: 2

### [edit] See also

accumulate | sums up a range of elements (function template) [edit]
partial_sum | computes the partial sum of a range of elements (function template) [edit]
std::experimental::parallel::inner_product (parallelism TS) | parallelized version of `std::inner_product` (function template) [edit]

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