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# std::minmax_element

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | algorithm

Defined in header `<algorithm>` |  |
| (1) |
template< class ForwardIt > std::pair<ForwardIt,ForwardIt> minmax_element( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last ); |  | (since C++11) (until C++17)
template< class ForwardIt > constexpr std::pair<ForwardIt,ForwardIt> minmax_element( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last ); |  | (since C++17)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt > std::pair<ForwardIt,ForwardIt> minmax_element( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last ); | (2) | (since C++17)
| (3) |
template< class ForwardIt, class Compare > std::pair<ForwardIt,ForwardIt> minmax_element( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp ); |  | (since C++11) (until C++17)
template< class ForwardIt, class Compare > constexpr std::pair<ForwardIt,ForwardIt> minmax_element( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp ); |  | (since C++17)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class Compare > std::pair<ForwardIt,ForwardIt> minmax_element( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp ); | (4) | (since C++17)

Finds the smallest and greatest element in the range `[first, last)`.

1) Elements are compared using `operator<`.
3) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison function `comp`.
2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to `policy`. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

### [edit] Parameters

first, last | - | forward iterators defining the range to examine
policy | - | the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
cmp | - | comparison function object (i.e. an object that satisfies the requirements of `Compare`) which returns ​true if if `*a` is less than `*b`. The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following: bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b); The signature does not need to have const &, but the function object must not modify the objects passed to it. The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that an object of type ForwardIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them. ​
Type requirements
- `ForwardIt` must meet the requirements of `ForwardIterator`.

### [edit] Return value

a pair consisting of an iterator to the smallest element as the first element and an iterator to the greatest element as the second. Returns std::make_pair(first, first) if the range is empty. If several elements are equivalent to the smallest element, the iterator to the first such element is returned. If several elements are equivalent to the largest element, the iterator to the last such element is returned.

### [edit] Complexity

At most max(floor(3/2(N−1)), 0) applications of the predicate, where N = std::distance(first, last).

### [edit] Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named `ExecutionPolicy` report errors as follows:

- If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and `ExecutionPolicy` is one of the three standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other `ExecutionPolicy`, the behavior is implementation-defined.
- If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

### [edit] Notes

This algorithm is different from std::make_pair(std::min_element(), std::max_element()), not only in efficiency, but also in that this algorithm finds the last biggest element while std::max_element finds the first biggest element.

### [edit] Possible implementation

First version
    template<class ForwardIt>
    std::pair<ForwardIt, ForwardIt>
        minmax_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
    {
        return std::minmax_element(first, last, std::less<>());
    }
Second version
    template<class ForwardIt, class Compare>
    std::pair<ForwardIt, ForwardIt>
        minmax_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp)
    {
        std::pair<ForwardIt, ForwardIt> result(first, first);

        if (first == last) return result;
        if (++first == last) return result;

        if (comp(*first, *result.first)) {
            result.first = first;
        } else {
            result.second = first;
        }
        while (++first != last) {
            ForwardIt i = first;
            if (++first == last) {
                if (comp(*i, *result.first)) result.first = i;
                else if (!(comp(*i, *result.second))) result.second = i;
                break;
            } else {
                if (comp(*first, *i)) {
                    if (comp(*first, *result.first)) result.first = first;
                    if (!(comp(*i, *result.second))) result.second = i;
                } else {
                    if (comp(*i, *result.first)) result.first = i;
                    if (!(comp(*first, *result.second))) result.second = first;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

### [edit] Example

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <vector>

    int main()
    {
        std::vector<int> v = { 3, 9, 1, 4, 2, 5, 9 };

        auto result = std::minmax_element(v.begin(), v.end());
        std::cout << "min element at: " << (result.first - v.begin()) << '\n';
        std::cout << "max element at: " << (result.second - v.begin()) << '\n';
    }

Output:

    min element at: 2
    max element at: 6

### [edit] See also

min_element | returns the smallest element in a range (function template) [edit]
max_element | returns the largest element in a range (function template) [edit]

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