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# std::regex_replace

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | regex

Defined in header `<regex>` |  |
template< class OutputIt, class BidirIt, class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc > OutputIt regex_replace( OutputIt out, BidirIt first, BidirIt last, const std::basic_regex<CharT,Traits>& re, const std::basic_string<CharT,STraits,SAlloc>& fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default ); | (1) | (since C++11)
template< class OutputIt, class BidirIt, class Traits, class CharT > OutputIt regex_replace( OutputIt out, BidirIt first, BidirIt last, const std::basic_regex<CharT,Traits>& re, const CharT* fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default ); | (2) | (since C++11)
template< class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc, class FTraits, class FAlloc > std::basic_string<CharT,STraits,SAlloc> regex_replace( const std::basic_string<CharT,STraits,SAlloc>& s, const std::basic_regex<CharT,Traits>& re, const std::basic_string<CharT,FTraits,FAlloc>& fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default ); | (3) | (since C++11)
template< class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc > std::basic_string<CharT,STraits,SAlloc> regex_replace( const std::basic_string<CharT,STraits,SAlloc>& s, const std::basic_regex<CharT,Traits>& re, const CharT* fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default ); | (4) | (since C++11)
template< class Traits, class CharT, class STraits, class SAlloc > std::basic_string<CharT> regex_replace( const CharT* s, const std::basic_regex<CharT,Traits>& re, const std::basic_string<CharT,STraits,SAlloc>& fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default ); | (5) | (since C++11)
template< class Traits, class CharT > std::basic_string<CharT> regex_replace( const CharT* s, const std::basic_regex<CharT,Traits>& re, const CharT* fmt, std::regex_constants::match_flag_type flags = std::regex_constants::match_default ); | (6) | (since C++11)

`regex_replace` uses a regular expression to perform substitution on a sequence of characters:

1) Copies characters in the range `[first,last)` to `out`, replacing any sequences that match `re` with characters formatted by `fmt`. In other words:

    - Constructs a std::regex_iterator object `i` as if by std::regex_iterator<BidirIt, CharT, traits> i(first, last, re, flags), and uses it to step through every match of `re` within the sequence `[first,last)`.
    - For each such match `m`, copies the non-matched subsequence (`m.prefix()`) into `out` as if by out = std::copy(m.prefix().first, m.prefix().second, out) and then replaces the matched subsequence with the formatted replacement string as if by calling out = m.format(out, fmt, flags).
    - When no more matches are found, copies the remaining non-matched characters to `out` as if by out = std::copy(last_m.suffix().first, last_m.suffix().second, out) where `last_m` is a copy of the last match found.
    - If there are no matches, copies the entire sequence into `out` as-is, by out = std::copy(first, last, out)
    - If `flags` contains std::regex_constants::format_no_copy, the non-matched subsequences are not copied into `out`.
    - If `flags` contains std::regex_constants::format_first_only, only the first match is replaced.

2) same as 1), but the formatted replacement is performed as if by calling out = m.format(out, fmt, fmt + char_traits<charT>::length(fmt), flags)
3-4) Constructs an empty string `result` of type std::basic_string<CharT, ST, SA> and calls std::regex_replace(std::back_inserter(result), s.begin(), s.end(), re, fmt, flags).
5-6) Constructs an empty string `result` of type std::basic_string<CharT> and calls std::regex_replace(std::back_inserter(result), s, s + std::char_traits<CharT>::length(s), re, fmt, flags).

### [edit] Parameters

first, last | - | the input character sequence, represented as a pair of iterators
s | - | the input character sequence, represented as std::basic_string or character array
re | - | the std::basic_regex that will be matched against the input sequence
flags | - | the match flags of type std::regex_constants::match_flag_type
fmt | - | the regex replacement format string, exact syntax depends on the value of `flags`
out | - | output iterator to store the result of the replacement
Type requirements
- `OutputIt` must meet the requirements of `OutputIterator`.
- `BidirIt` must meet the requirements of `BidirectionalIterator`.

### [edit] Return value

1-2) Returns a copy of the output iterator `out` after all the insertions.
3-6) Returns the string `result` which contains the output.

### [edit] Exceptions

May throw std::regex_error to indicate an error condition.

### [edit] Example

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <iterator>
    #include <regex>
    #include <string>

    int main()
    {
       std::string text = "Quick brown fox";
       std::regex vowel_re("a|e|i|o|u");

       // write the results to an output iterator
       std::regex_replace(std::ostreambuf_iterator<char>(std::cout),
                          text.begin(), text.end(), vowel_re, "*");

       // construct a string holding the results
       std::cout << '\n' << std::regex_replace(text, vowel_re, "[$&]") << '\n';
    }

Output:

    Q**ck br*wn f*x
    Q[u][i]ck br[o]wn f[o]x

### [edit] See also

regex_search (C++11) | attempts to match a regular expression to any part of a character sequence (function template) [edit]
match_flag_type (C++11) | options specific to matching (typedef) [edit]

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