/*
 * $Id: cbb5fd3b5d2c771d57c391b2bd89d2e31825c44c $
 *
 * This file is part of the iText (R) project.
 * Copyright (c) 1998-2015 iText Group NV
 * Authors: Kevin Day, Bruno Lowagie, et al.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License version 3
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation with the addition of the
 * following permission added to Section 15 as permitted in Section 7(a):
 * FOR ANY PART OF THE COVERED WORK IN WHICH THE COPYRIGHT IS OWNED BY
 * ITEXT GROUP. ITEXT GROUP DISCLAIMS THE WARRANTY OF NON INFRINGEMENT
 * OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General License for more
 * details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General License
 * along with this program; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses or write to
 * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
 * MA, 02110-1301 USA, or download the license from the following URL:
 * http://itextpdf.com/terms-of-use/
 *
 * The interactive user interfaces in modified source and object code versions
 * of this program must display Appropriate Legal Notices, as required under
 * Section 5 of the GNU Affero General License.
 *
 * In accordance with Section 7(b) of the GNU Affero General License, a covered
 * work must retain the producer line in every PDF that is created or
 * manipulated using iText.
 *
 * You can be released from the requirements of the license by purchasing a
 * commercial license. Buying such a license is mandatory as soon as you develop
 * commercial activities involving the iText software without disclosing the
 * source code of your own applications. These activities include: offering paid
 * services to customers as an ASP, serving PDFs on the fly in a web
 * application, shipping iText with a closed source product.
 *
 * For more information, please contact iText Software Corp. at this address:
 * sales@itextpdf.com
 */
package com.itextpdf.text.io;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;

/**
 * A RandomAccessSource that is based on an underlying {@link FileChannel}.  The channel is mapped into memory using a paging scheme to allow for efficient reads of very large files.
 * As an implementation detail, we use {@link GroupedRandomAccessSource} functionality, but override to make determination of the underlying
 * mapped page more efficient - and to close each page as another is opened
 * @since 5.3.5
 */
class PagedChannelRandomAccessSource extends GroupedRandomAccessSource implements RandomAccessSource {
	// these values were selected based on parametric testing with extracting text content from a 2.3GB file.  These settings resulted in the best improvement over
	// the single size MRU case (24% speed improvement)
    public static final int DEFAULT_TOTAL_BUFSIZE = 1 << 26; 
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_OPEN_BUFFERS = 16;

    /**
     * The size of each of the buffers to use when mapping files into memory.  This must be greater than 0 and less than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
     */
    private final int bufferSize;
    
    /**
     * The channel this source is based on
     */
    private final FileChannel channel;
    
    /**
     * Most recently used list used to hold a number of mapped pages open at a time
     */
    private final MRU<RandomAccessSource> mru;

    /**
     * Constructs a new {@link PagedChannelRandomAccessSource} based on the specified FileChannel, with a default buffer configuration.
     * The default buffer configuration is currently 2^26 total paged bytes, spread across a maximum of 16 active buffers. This arrangement
     * resulted in a 24% speed improvement over the single buffer case in parametric tests extracting text from a 2.3 GB file.
     * @param channel the channel to use as the backing store
     * @throws IOException if the channel cannot be opened or mapped
     */
    public PagedChannelRandomAccessSource(FileChannel channel) throws IOException {
		this(channel, DEFAULT_TOTAL_BUFSIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_OPEN_BUFFERS);
	}
    
    /**
     * Constructs a new {@link PagedChannelRandomAccessSource} based on the specified FileChannel, with a specific buffer size
     * @param channel the channel to use as the backing store
     * @param bufferSize the size of the buffers to use
     * @throws IOException if the channel cannot be opened or mapped
     */
	public PagedChannelRandomAccessSource(final FileChannel channel, final int totalBufferSize, final int maxOpenBuffers) throws IOException {
        super(buildSources(channel, totalBufferSize/maxOpenBuffers));
		this.channel = channel;
        this.bufferSize = totalBufferSize/maxOpenBuffers;
        this.mru = new MRU<RandomAccessSource>(maxOpenBuffers);
	}

	/**
	 * Constructs a set of {@link MappedChannelRandomAccessSource}s for each page (of size bufferSize) of the underlying channel
	 * @param channel the underlying channel
	 * @param bufferSize the size of each page (the last page may be shorter)
	 * @return a list of sources that represent the pages of the channel
	 * @throws IOException if IO fails for any reason
	 */
	private static RandomAccessSource[] buildSources(final FileChannel channel, final int bufferSize) throws IOException{
		long size = channel.size();
		if (size <= 0)
			throw new IOException("File size must be greater than zero");
		
		int bufferCount = (int)(size/bufferSize) + (size % bufferSize == 0 ? 0 : 1);

		MappedChannelRandomAccessSource[] sources = new MappedChannelRandomAccessSource[bufferCount];
        for (int i = 0; i < bufferCount; i++){
        	long pageOffset = (long)i*bufferSize;
        	long pageLength = Math.min(size - pageOffset, bufferSize);
        	sources[i] = new MappedChannelRandomAccessSource(channel, pageOffset, pageLength);
        }
        return sources;
		
	}
	
	@Override
	/**
	 * {@inheritDoc}
	 */
	protected int getStartingSourceIndex(long offset) {
		return (int) (offset / bufferSize);
	}

	@Override
	/**
	 * {@inheritDoc}
	 * For now, close the source that is no longer being used.  In the future, we may implement an MRU that allows multiple pages to be opened at a time
	 */
	protected void sourceReleased(RandomAccessSource source) throws IOException {
		RandomAccessSource old = mru.enqueue(source);
		if (old != null)
			old.close();
	}
	
	@Override
	/**
	 * {@inheritDoc}
	 * Ensure that the source is mapped.  In the future, we may implement an MRU that allows multiple pages to be opened at a time
	 */
	protected void sourceInUse(RandomAccessSource source) throws IOException {
		((MappedChannelRandomAccessSource)source).open();
	}
	
	@Override
    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * Cleans the mapped bytebuffers and closes the channel
     */
    public void close() throws IOException {
    	super.close();
        channel.close();
    }

	private static class MRU<E>{
		/**
		 * The maximum number of entries held by this MRU
		 */
		private final int limit;
		
		/**
		 * Backing list for managing the MRU
		 */
		private LinkedList<E> queue = new LinkedList<E>();

		/**
		 * Constructs an MRU with the specified size
		 * @param limit the limit
		 */
		public MRU(int limit) {
			this.limit = limit;
		}
		
		/**
		 * Adds an element to the MRU.  If the element is already in the MRU, it is moved to the top.
		 * @param newElement the element to add
		 * @return the element that was removed from the MRU to make room for the new element, or null if no element needed to be removed
		 */
		public E enqueue(E newElement){
			// TODO: this check may not be an effective optimization - the GroupedRandomAccessSource already tracks the 'current' source, so it seems unlikely that we would ever hit this code branch
			if (queue.size() > 0 && queue.getFirst() == newElement)
				return null;
			
			for(Iterator<E> it = queue.iterator(); it.hasNext();){
				E element = it.next();
				if (newElement == element){
					it.remove();
					queue.addFirst(newElement);
					return null;
				}
			}
			queue.addFirst(newElement);
			
			if (queue.size() > limit)
				return queue.removeLast();
			
			return null;
		}
	}
}
