/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.NotSerializableException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.inject.Provider;

import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.TypeConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InjectionPoint;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartInitializingSingleton;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.NamedBeanHolder;
import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator;
import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.lang.UsesJava8;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CompositeIterator;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * Spring's default implementation of the {@link ConfigurableListableBeanFactory}
 * and {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} interfaces: a full-fledged bean factory
 * based on bean definition metadata, extensible through post-processors.
 *
 * <p>Typical usage is registering all bean definitions first (possibly read
 * from a bean definition file), before accessing beans. Bean lookup by name
 * is therefore an inexpensive operation in a local bean definition table,
 * operating on pre-resolved bean definition metadata objects.
 *
 * <p>Note that readers for specific bean definition formats are typically
 * implemented separately rather than as bean factory subclasses: see for example
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader}.
 *
 * <p>For an alternative implementation of the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory} interface,
 * have a look at {@link StaticListableBeanFactory}, which manages existing
 * bean instances rather than creating new ones based on bean definitions.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @author Costin Leau
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 16 April 2001
 * @see #registerBeanDefinition
 * @see #addBeanPostProcessor
 * @see #getBean
 * @see #resolveDependency
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
		implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable {

	private static Class<?> javaUtilOptionalClass = null;

	private static Class<?> javaxInjectProviderClass = null;

	static {
		try {
			javaUtilOptionalClass =
					ClassUtils.forName("java.util.Optional", DefaultListableBeanFactory.class.getClassLoader());
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			// Java 8 not available - Optional references simply not supported then.
		}
		try {
			javaxInjectProviderClass =
					ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Provider", DefaultListableBeanFactory.class.getClassLoader());
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			// JSR-330 API not available - Provider interface simply not supported then.
		}
	}


	/** Map from serialized id to factory instance */
	private static final Map<String, Reference<DefaultListableBeanFactory>> serializableFactories =
			new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Reference<DefaultListableBeanFactory>>(8);

	/** Optional id for this factory, for serialization purposes */
	private String serializationId;

	/** Whether to allow re-registration of a different definition with the same name */
	private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = true;

	/** Whether to allow eager class loading even for lazy-init beans */
	private boolean allowEagerClassLoading = true;

	/** Optional OrderComparator for dependency Lists and arrays */
	private Comparator<Object> dependencyComparator;

	/** Resolver to use for checking if a bean definition is an autowire candidate */
	private AutowireCandidateResolver autowireCandidateResolver = new SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver();

	/** Map from dependency type to corresponding autowired value */
	private final Map<Class<?>, Object> resolvableDependencies = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Object>(16);

	/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
	private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, BeanDefinition>(256);

	/** Map of singleton and non-singleton bean names, keyed by dependency type */
	private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> allBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, String[]>(64);

	/** Map of singleton-only bean names, keyed by dependency type */
	private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> singletonBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, String[]>(64);

	/** List of bean definition names, in registration order */
	private volatile List<String> beanDefinitionNames = new ArrayList<String>(256);

	/** List of names of manually registered singletons, in registration order */
	private volatile Set<String> manualSingletonNames = new LinkedHashSet<String>(16);

	/** Cached array of bean definition names in case of frozen configuration */
	private volatile String[] frozenBeanDefinitionNames;

	/** Whether bean definition metadata may be cached for all beans */
	private volatile boolean configurationFrozen;


	/**
	 * Create a new DefaultListableBeanFactory.
	 */
	public DefaultListableBeanFactory() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new DefaultListableBeanFactory with the given parent.
	 * @param parentBeanFactory the parent BeanFactory
	 */
	public DefaultListableBeanFactory(BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) {
		super(parentBeanFactory);
	}


	/**
	 * Specify an id for serialization purposes, allowing this BeanFactory to be
	 * deserialized from this id back into the BeanFactory object, if needed.
	 */
	public void setSerializationId(String serializationId) {
		if (serializationId != null) {
			serializableFactories.put(serializationId, new WeakReference<DefaultListableBeanFactory>(this));
		}
		else if (this.serializationId != null) {
			serializableFactories.remove(this.serializationId);
		}
		this.serializationId = serializationId;
	}

	/**
	 * Return an id for serialization purposes, if specified, allowing this BeanFactory
	 * to be deserialized from this id back into the BeanFactory object, if needed.
	 * @since 4.1.2
	 */
	public String getSerializationId() {
		return this.serializationId;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether it should be allowed to override bean definitions by registering
	 * a different definition with the same name, automatically replacing the former.
	 * If not, an exception will be thrown. This also applies to overriding aliases.
	 * <p>Default is "true".
	 * @see #registerBeanDefinition
	 */
	public void setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
		this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether it should be allowed to override bean definitions by registering
	 * a different definition with the same name, automatically replacing the former.
	 * @since 4.1.2
	 */
	public boolean isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding() {
		return this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether the factory is allowed to eagerly load bean classes
	 * even for bean definitions that are marked as "lazy-init".
	 * <p>Default is "true". Turn this flag off to suppress class loading
	 * for lazy-init beans unless such a bean is explicitly requested.
	 * In particular, by-type lookups will then simply ignore bean definitions
	 * without resolved class name, instead of loading the bean classes on
	 * demand just to perform a type check.
	 * @see AbstractBeanDefinition#setLazyInit
	 */
	public void setAllowEagerClassLoading(boolean allowEagerClassLoading) {
		this.allowEagerClassLoading = allowEagerClassLoading;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether the factory is allowed to eagerly load bean classes
	 * even for bean definitions that are marked as "lazy-init".
	 * @since 4.1.2
	 */
	public boolean isAllowEagerClassLoading() {
		return this.allowEagerClassLoading;
	}

	/**
	 * Set a {@link java.util.Comparator} for dependency Lists and arrays.
	 * @since 4.0
	 * @see org.springframework.core.OrderComparator
	 * @see org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator
	 */
	public void setDependencyComparator(Comparator<Object> dependencyComparator) {
		this.dependencyComparator = dependencyComparator;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the dependency comparator for this BeanFactory (may be {@code null}.
	 * @since 4.0
	 */
	public Comparator<Object> getDependencyComparator() {
		return this.dependencyComparator;
	}

	/**
	 * Set a custom autowire candidate resolver for this BeanFactory to use
	 * when deciding whether a bean definition should be considered as a
	 * candidate for autowiring.
	 */
	public void setAutowireCandidateResolver(final AutowireCandidateResolver autowireCandidateResolver) {
		Assert.notNull(autowireCandidateResolver, "AutowireCandidateResolver must not be null");
		if (autowireCandidateResolver instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
			if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
				AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
					@Override
					public Object run() {
						((BeanFactoryAware) autowireCandidateResolver).setBeanFactory(DefaultListableBeanFactory.this);
						return null;
					}
				}, getAccessControlContext());
			}
			else {
				((BeanFactoryAware) autowireCandidateResolver).setBeanFactory(this);
			}
		}
		this.autowireCandidateResolver = autowireCandidateResolver;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the autowire candidate resolver for this BeanFactory (never {@code null}).
	 */
	public AutowireCandidateResolver getAutowireCandidateResolver() {
		return this.autowireCandidateResolver;
	}


	@Override
	public void copyConfigurationFrom(ConfigurableBeanFactory otherFactory) {
		super.copyConfigurationFrom(otherFactory);
		if (otherFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
			DefaultListableBeanFactory otherListableFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) otherFactory;
			this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = otherListableFactory.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
			this.allowEagerClassLoading = otherListableFactory.allowEagerClassLoading;
			this.dependencyComparator = otherListableFactory.dependencyComparator;
			// A clone of the AutowireCandidateResolver since it is potentially BeanFactoryAware...
			setAutowireCandidateResolver(
					BeanUtils.instantiateClass(otherListableFactory.getAutowireCandidateResolver().getClass()));
			// Make resolvable dependencies (e.g. ResourceLoader) available here as well...
			this.resolvableDependencies.putAll(otherListableFactory.resolvableDependencies);
		}
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of remaining BeanFactory methods
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException {
		return getBean(requiredType, (Object[]) null);
	}

	@Override
	public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException {
		NamedBeanHolder<T> namedBean = resolveNamedBean(requiredType, args);
		if (namedBean != null) {
			return namedBean.getBeanInstance();
		}
		BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parent != null) {
			return parent.getBean(requiredType, args);
		}
		throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(requiredType);
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of ListableBeanFactory interface
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public boolean containsBeanDefinition(String beanName) {
		Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
		return this.beanDefinitionMap.containsKey(beanName);
	}

	@Override
	public int getBeanDefinitionCount() {
		return this.beanDefinitionMap.size();
	}

	@Override
	public String[] getBeanDefinitionNames() {
		String[] frozenNames = this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames;
		if (frozenNames != null) {
			return frozenNames.clone();
		}
		else {
			return StringUtils.toStringArray(this.beanDefinitionNames);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public String[] getBeanNamesForType(ResolvableType type) {
		return doGetBeanNamesForType(type, true, true);
	}

	@Override
	public String[] getBeanNamesForType(Class<?> type) {
		return getBeanNamesForType(type, true, true);
	}

	@Override
	public String[] getBeanNamesForType(Class<?> type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit) {
		if (!isConfigurationFrozen() || type == null || !allowEagerInit) {
			return doGetBeanNamesForType(ResolvableType.forRawClass(type), includeNonSingletons, allowEagerInit);
		}
		Map<Class<?>, String[]> cache =
				(includeNonSingletons ? this.allBeanNamesByType : this.singletonBeanNamesByType);
		String[] resolvedBeanNames = cache.get(type);
		if (resolvedBeanNames != null) {
			return resolvedBeanNames;
		}
		resolvedBeanNames = doGetBeanNamesForType(ResolvableType.forRawClass(type), includeNonSingletons, true);
		if (ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(type, getBeanClassLoader())) {
			cache.put(type, resolvedBeanNames);
		}
		return resolvedBeanNames;
	}

	private String[] doGetBeanNamesForType(ResolvableType type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit) {
		List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();

		// Check all bean definitions.
		for (String beanName : this.beanDefinitionNames) {
			// Only consider bean as eligible if the bean name
			// is not defined as alias for some other bean.
			if (!isAlias(beanName)) {
				try {
					RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
					// Only check bean definition if it is complete.
					if (!mbd.isAbstract() && (allowEagerInit ||
							(mbd.hasBeanClass() || !mbd.isLazyInit() || isAllowEagerClassLoading()) &&
									!requiresEagerInitForType(mbd.getFactoryBeanName()))) {
						// In case of FactoryBean, match object created by FactoryBean.
						boolean isFactoryBean = isFactoryBean(beanName, mbd);
						BeanDefinitionHolder dbd = mbd.getDecoratedDefinition();
						boolean matchFound =
								(allowEagerInit || !isFactoryBean ||
										(dbd != null && !mbd.isLazyInit()) || containsSingleton(beanName)) &&
								(includeNonSingletons ||
										(dbd != null ? mbd.isSingleton() : isSingleton(beanName))) &&
								isTypeMatch(beanName, type);
						if (!matchFound && isFactoryBean) {
							// In case of FactoryBean, try to match FactoryBean instance itself next.
							beanName = FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName;
							matchFound = (includeNonSingletons || mbd.isSingleton()) && isTypeMatch(beanName, type);
						}
						if (matchFound) {
							result.add(beanName);
						}
					}
				}
				catch (CannotLoadBeanClassException ex) {
					if (allowEagerInit) {
						throw ex;
					}
					// Probably a class name with a placeholder: let's ignore it for type matching purposes.
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Ignoring bean class loading failure for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex);
					}
					onSuppressedException(ex);
				}
				catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
					if (allowEagerInit) {
						throw ex;
					}
					// Probably some metadata with a placeholder: let's ignore it for type matching purposes.
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Ignoring unresolvable metadata in bean definition '" + beanName + "'", ex);
					}
					onSuppressedException(ex);
				}
			}
		}

		// Check manually registered singletons too.
		for (String beanName : this.manualSingletonNames) {
			try {
				// In case of FactoryBean, match object created by FactoryBean.
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
					if ((includeNonSingletons || isSingleton(beanName)) && isTypeMatch(beanName, type)) {
						result.add(beanName);
						// Match found for this bean: do not match FactoryBean itself anymore.
						continue;
					}
					// In case of FactoryBean, try to match FactoryBean itself next.
					beanName = FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName;
				}
				// Match raw bean instance (might be raw FactoryBean).
				if (isTypeMatch(beanName, type)) {
					result.add(beanName);
				}
			}
			catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
				// Shouldn't happen - probably a result of circular reference resolution...
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Failed to check manually registered singleton with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
				}
			}
		}

		return StringUtils.toStringArray(result);
	}

	/**
	 * Check whether the specified bean would need to be eagerly initialized
	 * in order to determine its type.
	 * @param factoryBeanName a factory-bean reference that the bean definition
	 * defines a factory method for
	 * @return whether eager initialization is necessary
	 */
	private boolean requiresEagerInitForType(String factoryBeanName) {
		return (factoryBeanName != null && isFactoryBean(factoryBeanName) && !containsSingleton(factoryBeanName));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> Map<String, T> getBeansOfType(Class<T> type) throws BeansException {
		return getBeansOfType(type, true, true);
	}

	@Override
	public <T> Map<String, T> getBeansOfType(Class<T> type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit)
			throws BeansException {

		String[] beanNames = getBeanNamesForType(type, includeNonSingletons, allowEagerInit);
		Map<String, T> result = new LinkedHashMap<String, T>(beanNames.length);
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			try {
				result.put(beanName, getBean(beanName, type));
			}
			catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
				Throwable rootCause = ex.getMostSpecificCause();
				if (rootCause instanceof BeanCurrentlyInCreationException) {
					BeanCreationException bce = (BeanCreationException) rootCause;
					if (isCurrentlyInCreation(bce.getBeanName())) {
						if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
							logger.debug("Ignoring match to currently created bean '" + beanName + "': " +
									ex.getMessage());
						}
						onSuppressedException(ex);
						// Ignore: indicates a circular reference when autowiring constructors.
						// We want to find matches other than the currently created bean itself.
						continue;
					}
				}
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public String[] getBeanNamesForAnnotation(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) {
		List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
		for (String beanName : this.beanDefinitionNames) {
			BeanDefinition beanDefinition = getBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!beanDefinition.isAbstract() && findAnnotationOnBean(beanName, annotationType) != null) {
				result.add(beanName);
			}
		}
		for (String beanName : this.manualSingletonNames) {
			if (!result.contains(beanName) && findAnnotationOnBean(beanName, annotationType) != null) {
				result.add(beanName);
			}
		}
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(result);
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> getBeansWithAnnotation(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) {
		String[] beanNames = getBeanNamesForAnnotation(annotationType);
		Map<String, Object> result = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(beanNames.length);
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			result.put(beanName, getBean(beanName));
		}
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public <A extends Annotation> A findAnnotationOnBean(String beanName, Class<A> annotationType)
			throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

		A ann = null;
		Class<?> beanType = getType(beanName);
		if (beanType != null) {
			ann = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(beanType, annotationType);
		}
		if (ann == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
			// Check raw bean class, e.g. in case of a proxy.
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (bd.hasBeanClass()) {
				Class<?> beanClass = bd.getBeanClass();
				if (beanClass != beanType) {
					ann = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(beanClass, annotationType);
				}
			}
		}
		return ann;
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of ConfigurableListableBeanFactory interface
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public void registerResolvableDependency(Class<?> dependencyType, Object autowiredValue) {
		Assert.notNull(dependencyType, "Dependency type must not be null");
		if (autowiredValue != null) {
			if (!(autowiredValue instanceof ObjectFactory || dependencyType.isInstance(autowiredValue))) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Value [" + autowiredValue +
						"] does not implement specified dependency type [" + dependencyType.getName() + "]");
			}
			this.resolvableDependencies.put(dependencyType, autowiredValue);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isAutowireCandidate(String beanName, DependencyDescriptor descriptor)
			throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

		return isAutowireCandidate(beanName, descriptor, getAutowireCandidateResolver());
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the specified bean definition qualifies as an autowire candidate,
	 * to be injected into other beans which declare a dependency of matching type.
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean definition to check
	 * @param descriptor the descriptor of the dependency to resolve
	 * @param resolver the AutowireCandidateResolver to use for the actual resolution algorithm
	 * @return whether the bean should be considered as autowire candidate
	 */
	protected boolean isAutowireCandidate(String beanName, DependencyDescriptor descriptor, AutowireCandidateResolver resolver)
			throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

		String beanDefinitionName = BeanFactoryUtils.transformedBeanName(beanName);
		if (containsBeanDefinition(beanDefinitionName)) {
			return isAutowireCandidate(beanName, getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanDefinitionName), descriptor, resolver);
		}
		else if (containsSingleton(beanName)) {
			return isAutowireCandidate(beanName, new RootBeanDefinition(getType(beanName)), descriptor, resolver);
		}

		BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parent instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
			// No bean definition found in this factory -> delegate to parent.
			return ((DefaultListableBeanFactory) parent).isAutowireCandidate(beanName, descriptor, resolver);
		}
		else if (parent instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
			// If no DefaultListableBeanFactory, can't pass the resolver along.
			return ((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) parent).isAutowireCandidate(beanName, descriptor);
		}
		else {
			return true;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the specified bean definition qualifies as an autowire candidate,
	 * to be injected into other beans which declare a dependency of matching type.
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean definition to check
	 * @param mbd the merged bean definition to check
	 * @param descriptor the descriptor of the dependency to resolve
	 * @param resolver the AutowireCandidateResolver to use for the actual resolution algorithm
	 * @return whether the bean should be considered as autowire candidate
	 */
	protected boolean isAutowireCandidate(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd,
			DependencyDescriptor descriptor, AutowireCandidateResolver resolver) {

		String beanDefinitionName = BeanFactoryUtils.transformedBeanName(beanName);
		resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanDefinitionName);
		if (mbd.isFactoryMethodUnique) {
			boolean resolve;
			synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
				resolve = (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod == null);
			}
			if (resolve) {
				new ConstructorResolver(this).resolveFactoryMethodIfPossible(mbd);
			}
		}
		return resolver.isAutowireCandidate(
				new BeanDefinitionHolder(mbd, beanName, getAliases(beanDefinitionName)), descriptor);
	}

	@Override
	public BeanDefinition getBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {
		BeanDefinition bd = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
		if (bd == null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("No bean named '" + beanName + "' found in " + this);
			}
			throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(beanName);
		}
		return bd;
	}

	@Override
	public Iterator<String> getBeanNamesIterator() {
		CompositeIterator<String> iterator = new CompositeIterator<String>();
		iterator.add(this.beanDefinitionNames.iterator());
		iterator.add(this.manualSingletonNames.iterator());
		return iterator;
	}

	@Override
	public void clearMetadataCache() {
		super.clearMetadataCache();
		clearByTypeCache();
	}

	@Override
	public void freezeConfiguration() {
		this.configurationFrozen = true;
		this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = StringUtils.toStringArray(this.beanDefinitionNames);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isConfigurationFrozen() {
		return this.configurationFrozen;
	}

	/**
	 * Considers all beans as eligible for metadata caching
	 * if the factory's configuration has been marked as frozen.
	 * @see #freezeConfiguration()
	 */
	@Override
	protected boolean isBeanEligibleForMetadataCaching(String beanName) {
		return (this.configurationFrozen || super.isBeanEligibleForMetadataCaching(beanName));
	}

	@Override
	public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
		}

		// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
		// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
		List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames);

		// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
					final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
					boolean isEagerInit;
					if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
						isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
							@Override
							public Boolean run() {
								return ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit();
							}
						}, getAccessControlContext());
					}
					else {
						isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
								((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
					}
					if (isEagerInit) {
						getBean(beanName);
					}
				}
				else {
					getBean(beanName);
				}
			}
		}

		// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
			if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
				final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
				if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
					AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
						@Override
						public Object run() {
							smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
							return null;
						}
					}, getAccessControlContext());
				}
				else {
					smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
				}
			}
		}
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of BeanDefinitionRegistry interface
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
			throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

		Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
		Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null");

		if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
			try {
				((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
			}
			catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
				throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
						"Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
			}
		}

		BeanDefinition existingDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
		if (existingDefinition != null) {
			if (!isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding()) {
				throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
						"Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
						"': There is already [" + existingDefinition + "] bound.");
			}
			else if (existingDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
				// e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
							"' with a framework-generated bean definition: replacing [" +
							existingDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
				}
			}
			else if (!beanDefinition.equals(existingDefinition)) {
				if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
					logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
							"' with a different definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition +
							"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
				}
			}
			else {
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
							"' with an equivalent definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition +
							"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
				}
			}
			this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
		}
		else {
			if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
				// Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration)
				synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
					this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
					List<String> updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames.size() + 1);
					updatedDefinitions.addAll(this.beanDefinitionNames);
					updatedDefinitions.add(beanName);
					this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions;
					if (this.manualSingletonNames.contains(beanName)) {
						Set<String> updatedSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(this.manualSingletonNames);
						updatedSingletons.remove(beanName);
						this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons;
					}
				}
			}
			else {
				// Still in startup registration phase
				this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
				this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
				this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName);
			}
			this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
		}

		if (existingDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
			resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
		}
		else if (isConfigurationFrozen()) {
			clearByTypeCache();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void removeBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {
		Assert.hasText(beanName, "'beanName' must not be empty");

		BeanDefinition bd = this.beanDefinitionMap.remove(beanName);
		if (bd == null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("No bean named '" + beanName + "' found in " + this);
			}
			throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(beanName);
		}

		if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
			// Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration)
			synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
				List<String> updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
				updatedDefinitions.remove(beanName);
				this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions;
			}
		}
		else {
			// Still in startup registration phase
			this.beanDefinitionNames.remove(beanName);
		}
		this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;

		resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
	}

	/**
	 * Reset all bean definition caches for the given bean,
	 * including the caches of beans that are derived from it.
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean to reset
	 */
	protected void resetBeanDefinition(String beanName) {
		// Remove the merged bean definition for the given bean, if already created.
		clearMergedBeanDefinition(beanName);

		// Remove corresponding bean from singleton cache, if any. Shouldn't usually
		// be necessary, rather just meant for overriding a context's default beans
		// (e.g. the default StaticMessageSource in a StaticApplicationContext).
		destroySingleton(beanName);

		// Reset all bean definitions that have the given bean as parent (recursively).
		for (String bdName : this.beanDefinitionNames) {
			if (!beanName.equals(bdName)) {
				BeanDefinition bd = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(bdName);
				if (bd != null && beanName.equals(bd.getParentName())) {
					resetBeanDefinition(bdName);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Only allows alias overriding if bean definition overriding is allowed.
	 */
	@Override
	protected boolean allowAliasOverriding() {
		return isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding();
	}

	@Override
	public void registerSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) throws IllegalStateException {
		super.registerSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);

		if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
			// Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration)
			synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
				if (!this.beanDefinitionMap.containsKey(beanName)) {
					Set<String> updatedSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(this.manualSingletonNames.size() + 1);
					updatedSingletons.addAll(this.manualSingletonNames);
					updatedSingletons.add(beanName);
					this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons;
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			// Still in startup registration phase
			if (!this.beanDefinitionMap.containsKey(beanName)) {
				this.manualSingletonNames.add(beanName);
			}
		}

		clearByTypeCache();
	}

	@Override
	public void destroySingleton(String beanName) {
		super.destroySingleton(beanName);
		this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName);
		clearByTypeCache();
	}

	@Override
	public void destroySingletons() {
		super.destroySingletons();
		this.manualSingletonNames.clear();
		clearByTypeCache();
	}

	/**
	 * Remove any assumptions about by-type mappings.
	 */
	private void clearByTypeCache() {
		this.allBeanNamesByType.clear();
		this.singletonBeanNamesByType.clear();
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Dependency resolution functionality
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public <T> NamedBeanHolder<T> resolveNamedBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException {
		NamedBeanHolder<T> namedBean = resolveNamedBean(requiredType, (Object[]) null);
		if (namedBean != null) {
			return namedBean;
		}
		BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parent instanceof AutowireCapableBeanFactory) {
			return ((AutowireCapableBeanFactory) parent).resolveNamedBean(requiredType);
		}
		throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(requiredType);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	private <T> NamedBeanHolder<T> resolveNamedBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException {
		Assert.notNull(requiredType, "Required type must not be null");
		String[] candidateNames = getBeanNamesForType(requiredType);

		if (candidateNames.length > 1) {
			List<String> autowireCandidates = new ArrayList<String>(candidateNames.length);
			for (String beanName : candidateNames) {
				if (!containsBeanDefinition(beanName) || getBeanDefinition(beanName).isAutowireCandidate()) {
					autowireCandidates.add(beanName);
				}
			}
			if (!autowireCandidates.isEmpty()) {
				candidateNames = StringUtils.toStringArray(autowireCandidates);
			}
		}

		if (candidateNames.length == 1) {
			String beanName = candidateNames[0];
			return new NamedBeanHolder<T>(beanName, getBean(beanName, requiredType, args));
		}
		else if (candidateNames.length > 1) {
			Map<String, Object> candidates = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(candidateNames.length);
			for (String beanName : candidateNames) {
				if (containsSingleton(beanName)) {
					candidates.put(beanName, getBean(beanName, requiredType, args));
				}
				else {
					candidates.put(beanName, getType(beanName));
				}
			}
			String candidateName = determinePrimaryCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
			if (candidateName == null) {
				candidateName = determineHighestPriorityCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
			}
			if (candidateName != null) {
				Object beanInstance = candidates.get(candidateName);
				if (beanInstance instanceof Class) {
					beanInstance = getBean(candidateName, requiredType, args);
				}
				return new NamedBeanHolder<T>(candidateName, (T) beanInstance);
			}
			throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(requiredType, candidates.keySet());
		}

		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String requestingBeanName,
			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {

		descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());
		if (javaUtilOptionalClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
			return new OptionalDependencyFactory().createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
		}
		else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||
				ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
			return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
		}
		else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
			return new Jsr330ProviderFactory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
		}
		else {
			Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
					descriptor, requestingBeanName);
			if (result == null) {
				result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
			}
			return result;
		}
	}

	public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName,
			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {

		InjectionPoint previousInjectionPoint = ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(descriptor);
		try {
			Object shortcut = descriptor.resolveShortcut(this);
			if (shortcut != null) {
				return shortcut;
			}

			Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
			Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);
			if (value != null) {
				if (value instanceof String) {
					String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);
					BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ? getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);
					value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);
				}
				TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
				return (descriptor.getField() != null ?
						converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :
						converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
			}

			Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
			if (multipleBeans != null) {
				return multipleBeans;
			}

			Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
			if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
					raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
				}
				return null;
			}

			String autowiredBeanName;
			Object instanceCandidate;

			if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
				autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
				if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
					if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
						return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(type, matchingBeans);
					}
					else {
						// In case of an optional Collection/Map, silently ignore a non-unique case:
						// possibly it was meant to be an empty collection of multiple regular beans
						// (before 4.3 in particular when we didn't even look for collection beans).
						return null;
					}
				}
				instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
			}
			else {
				// We have exactly one match.
				Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
				autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();
				instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();
			}

			if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
				autowiredBeanNames.add(autowiredBeanName);
			}
			return (instanceCandidate instanceof Class ?
					descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this) : instanceCandidate);
		}
		finally {
			ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(previousInjectionPoint);
		}
	}

	private Object resolveMultipleBeans(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName,
			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, TypeConverter typeConverter) {

		Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
		if (type.isArray()) {
			Class<?> componentType = type.getComponentType();
			ResolvableType resolvableType = descriptor.getResolvableType();
			Class<?> resolvedArrayType = resolvableType.resolve();
			if (resolvedArrayType != null && resolvedArrayType != type) {
				type = resolvedArrayType;
				componentType = resolvableType.getComponentType().resolve();
			}
			if (componentType == null) {
				return null;
			}
			Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, componentType,
					new MultiElementDescriptor(descriptor));
			if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				return null;
			}
			if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
				autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
			}
			TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
			Object result = converter.convertIfNecessary(matchingBeans.values(), type);
			if (getDependencyComparator() != null && result instanceof Object[]) {
				Arrays.sort((Object[]) result, adaptDependencyComparator(matchingBeans));
			}
			return result;
		}
		else if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type) && type.isInterface()) {
			Class<?> elementType = descriptor.getResolvableType().asCollection().resolveGeneric();
			if (elementType == null) {
				return null;
			}
			Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, elementType,
					new MultiElementDescriptor(descriptor));
			if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				return null;
			}
			if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
				autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
			}
			TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
			Object result = converter.convertIfNecessary(matchingBeans.values(), type);
			if (getDependencyComparator() != null && result instanceof List) {
				Collections.sort((List<?>) result, adaptDependencyComparator(matchingBeans));
			}
			return result;
		}
		else if (Map.class == type) {
			ResolvableType mapType = descriptor.getResolvableType().asMap();
			Class<?> keyType = mapType.resolveGeneric(0);
			if (String.class != keyType) {
				return null;
			}
			Class<?> valueType = mapType.resolveGeneric(1);
			if (valueType == null) {
				return null;
			}
			Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, valueType,
					new MultiElementDescriptor(descriptor));
			if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				return null;
			}
			if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
				autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
			}
			return matchingBeans;
		}
		else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	private boolean isRequired(DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
		AutowireCandidateResolver resolver = getAutowireCandidateResolver();
		return (resolver instanceof SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver ?
				((SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver) resolver).isRequired(descriptor) :
				descriptor.isRequired());
	}

	private boolean indicatesMultipleBeans(Class<?> type) {
		return (type.isArray() || (type.isInterface() &&
				(Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(type))));
	}

	private Comparator<Object> adaptDependencyComparator(Map<String, Object> matchingBeans) {
		Comparator<Object> comparator = getDependencyComparator();
		if (comparator instanceof OrderComparator) {
			return ((OrderComparator) comparator).withSourceProvider(
					createFactoryAwareOrderSourceProvider(matchingBeans));
		}
		else {
			return comparator;
		}
	}

	private OrderComparator.OrderSourceProvider createFactoryAwareOrderSourceProvider(Map<String, Object> beans) {
		IdentityHashMap<Object, String> instancesToBeanNames = new IdentityHashMap<Object, String>();
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : beans.entrySet()) {
			instancesToBeanNames.put(entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());
		}
		return new FactoryAwareOrderSourceProvider(instancesToBeanNames);
	}

	/**
	 * Find bean instances that match the required type.
	 * Called during autowiring for the specified bean.
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean that is about to be wired
	 * @param requiredType the actual type of bean to look for
	 * (may be an array component type or collection element type)
	 * @param descriptor the descriptor of the dependency to resolve
	 * @return a Map of candidate names and candidate instances that match
	 * the required type (never {@code null})
	 * @throws BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see #autowireByType
	 * @see #autowireConstructor
	 */
	protected Map<String, Object> findAutowireCandidates(
			String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {

		String[] candidateNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(
				this, requiredType, true, descriptor.isEager());
		Map<String, Object> result = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(candidateNames.length);
		for (Class<?> autowiringType : this.resolvableDependencies.keySet()) {
			if (autowiringType.isAssignableFrom(requiredType)) {
				Object autowiringValue = this.resolvableDependencies.get(autowiringType);
				autowiringValue = AutowireUtils.resolveAutowiringValue(autowiringValue, requiredType);
				if (requiredType.isInstance(autowiringValue)) {
					result.put(ObjectUtils.identityToString(autowiringValue), autowiringValue);
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
			if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor)) {
				addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
			}
		}
		if (result.isEmpty() && !indicatesMultipleBeans(requiredType)) {
			// Consider fallback matches if the first pass failed to find anything...
			DependencyDescriptor fallbackDescriptor = descriptor.forFallbackMatch();
			for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
				if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, fallbackDescriptor)) {
					addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
				}
			}
			if (result.isEmpty()) {
				// Consider self references as a final pass...
				// but in the case of a dependency collection, not the very same bean itself.
				for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
					if (isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) &&
							(!(descriptor instanceof MultiElementDescriptor) || !beanName.equals(candidate)) &&
							isAutowireCandidate(candidate, fallbackDescriptor)) {
						addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * Add an entry to the candidate map: a bean instance if available or just the resolved
	 * type, preventing early bean initialization ahead of primary candidate selection.
	 */
	private void addCandidateEntry(Map<String, Object> candidates, String candidateName,
			DependencyDescriptor descriptor, Class<?> requiredType) {

		if (descriptor instanceof MultiElementDescriptor || containsSingleton(candidateName)) {
			candidates.put(candidateName, descriptor.resolveCandidate(candidateName, requiredType, this));
		}
		else {
			candidates.put(candidateName, getType(candidateName));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the autowire candidate in the given set of beans.
	 * <p>Looks for {@code @Primary} and {@code @Priority} (in that order).
	 * @param candidates a Map of candidate names and candidate instances
	 * that match the required type, as returned by {@link #findAutowireCandidates}
	 * @param descriptor the target dependency to match against
	 * @return the name of the autowire candidate, or {@code null} if none found
	 */
	protected String determineAutowireCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
		Class<?> requiredType = descriptor.getDependencyType();
		String primaryCandidate = determinePrimaryCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
		if (primaryCandidate != null) {
			return primaryCandidate;
		}
		String priorityCandidate = determineHighestPriorityCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
		if (priorityCandidate != null) {
			return priorityCandidate;
		}
		// Fallback
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
			String candidateName = entry.getKey();
			Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
			if ((beanInstance != null && this.resolvableDependencies.containsValue(beanInstance)) ||
					matchesBeanName(candidateName, descriptor.getDependencyName())) {
				return candidateName;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the primary candidate in the given set of beans.
	 * @param candidates a Map of candidate names and candidate instances
	 * (or candidate classes if not created yet) that match the required type
	 * @param requiredType the target dependency type to match against
	 * @return the name of the primary candidate, or {@code null} if none found
	 * @see #isPrimary(String, Object)
	 */
	protected String determinePrimaryCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates, Class<?> requiredType) {
		String primaryBeanName = null;
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
			String candidateBeanName = entry.getKey();
			Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
			if (isPrimary(candidateBeanName, beanInstance)) {
				if (primaryBeanName != null) {
					boolean candidateLocal = containsBeanDefinition(candidateBeanName);
					boolean primaryLocal = containsBeanDefinition(primaryBeanName);
					if (candidateLocal && primaryLocal) {
						throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(requiredType, candidates.size(),
								"more than one 'primary' bean found among candidates: " + candidates.keySet());
					}
					else if (candidateLocal) {
						primaryBeanName = candidateBeanName;
					}
				}
				else {
					primaryBeanName = candidateBeanName;
				}
			}
		}
		return primaryBeanName;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the candidate with the highest priority in the given set of beans.
	 * <p>Based on {@code @javax.annotation.Priority}. As defined by the related
	 * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered} interface, the lowest value has
	 * the highest priority.
	 * @param candidates a Map of candidate names and candidate instances
	 * (or candidate classes if not created yet) that match the required type
	 * @param requiredType the target dependency type to match against
	 * @return the name of the candidate with the highest priority,
	 * or {@code null} if none found
	 * @see #getPriority(Object)
	 */
	protected String determineHighestPriorityCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates, Class<?> requiredType) {
		String highestPriorityBeanName = null;
		Integer highestPriority = null;
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
			String candidateBeanName = entry.getKey();
			Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
			Integer candidatePriority = getPriority(beanInstance);
			if (candidatePriority != null) {
				if (highestPriorityBeanName != null) {
					if (candidatePriority.equals(highestPriority)) {
						throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(requiredType, candidates.size(),
								"Multiple beans found with the same priority ('" + highestPriority +
								"') among candidates: " + candidates.keySet());
					}
					else if (candidatePriority < highestPriority) {
						highestPriorityBeanName = candidateBeanName;
						highestPriority = candidatePriority;
					}
				}
				else {
					highestPriorityBeanName = candidateBeanName;
					highestPriority = candidatePriority;
				}
			}
		}
		return highestPriorityBeanName;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether the bean definition for the given bean name has been
	 * marked as a primary bean.
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @param beanInstance the corresponding bean instance (can be null)
	 * @return whether the given bean qualifies as primary
	 */
	protected boolean isPrimary(String beanName, Object beanInstance) {
		if (containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
			return getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName).isPrimary();
		}
		BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
		return (parent instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory &&
				((DefaultListableBeanFactory) parent).isPrimary(beanName, beanInstance));
	}

	/**
	 * Return the priority assigned for the given bean instance by
	 * the {@code javax.annotation.Priority} annotation.
	 * <p>The default implementation delegates to the specified
	 * {@link #setDependencyComparator dependency comparator}, checking its
	 * {@link OrderComparator#getPriority method} if it is an extension of
	 * Spring's common {@link OrderComparator} - typically, an
	 * {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator}.
	 * If no such comparator is present, this implementation returns {@code null}.
	 * @param beanInstance the bean instance to check (can be {@code null})
	 * @return the priority assigned to that bean or {@code null} if none is set
	 */
	protected Integer getPriority(Object beanInstance) {
		Comparator<Object> comparator = getDependencyComparator();
		if (comparator instanceof OrderComparator) {
			return ((OrderComparator) comparator).getPriority(beanInstance);
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given candidate name matches the bean name or the aliases
	 * stored in this bean definition.
	 */
	protected boolean matchesBeanName(String beanName, String candidateName) {
		return (candidateName != null &&
				(candidateName.equals(beanName) || ObjectUtils.containsElement(getAliases(beanName), candidateName)));
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the given beanName/candidateName pair indicates a self reference,
	 * i.e. whether the candidate points back to the original bean or to a factory method
	 * on the original bean.
	 */
	private boolean isSelfReference(String beanName, String candidateName) {
		return (beanName != null && candidateName != null &&
				(beanName.equals(candidateName) || (containsBeanDefinition(candidateName) &&
						beanName.equals(getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(candidateName).getFactoryBeanName()))));
	}

	/**
	 * Raise a NoSuchBeanDefinitionException or BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException
	 * for an unresolvable dependency.
	 */
	private void raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(
			Class<?> type, ResolvableType resolvableType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) throws BeansException {

		checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(type, descriptor);

		throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(resolvableType,
				"expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. " +
				"Dependency annotations: " + ObjectUtils.nullSafeToString(descriptor.getAnnotations()));
	}

	/**
	 * Raise a BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException for an unresolvable dependency, if applicable,
	 * i.e. if the target type of the bean would match but an exposed proxy doesn't.
	 */
	private void checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(Class<?> type, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
		for (String beanName : this.beanDefinitionNames) {
			RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			Class<?> targetType = mbd.getTargetType();
			if (targetType != null && type.isAssignableFrom(targetType) &&
					isAutowireCandidate(beanName, mbd, descriptor, getAutowireCandidateResolver())) {
				// Probably a proxy interfering with target type match -> throw meaningful exception.
				Object beanInstance = getSingleton(beanName, false);
				Class<?> beanType = (beanInstance != null ? beanInstance.getClass() : predictBeanType(beanName, mbd));
				if (!type.isAssignableFrom((beanType))) {
					throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(beanName, type, beanType);
				}
			}
		}

		BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parent instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
			((DefaultListableBeanFactory) parent).checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(type, descriptor);
		}
	}


	@Override
	public String toString() {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(ObjectUtils.identityToString(this));
		sb.append(": defining beans [");
		sb.append(StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(this.beanDefinitionNames));
		sb.append("]; ");
		BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parent == null) {
			sb.append("root of factory hierarchy");
		}
		else {
			sb.append("parent: ").append(ObjectUtils.identityToString(parent));
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Serialization support
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
		throw new NotSerializableException("DefaultListableBeanFactory itself is not deserializable - " +
				"just a SerializedBeanFactoryReference is");
	}

	protected Object writeReplace() throws ObjectStreamException {
		if (this.serializationId != null) {
			return new SerializedBeanFactoryReference(this.serializationId);
		}
		else {
			throw new NotSerializableException("DefaultListableBeanFactory has no serialization id");
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Minimal id reference to the factory.
	 * Resolved to the actual factory instance on deserialization.
	 */
	private static class SerializedBeanFactoryReference implements Serializable {

		private final String id;

		public SerializedBeanFactoryReference(String id) {
			this.id = id;
		}

		private Object readResolve() {
			Reference<?> ref = serializableFactories.get(this.id);
			if (ref != null) {
				Object result = ref.get();
				if (result != null) {
					return result;
				}
			}
			// Lenient fallback: dummy factory in case of original factory not found...
			DefaultListableBeanFactory dummyFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
			dummyFactory.serializationId = this.id;
			return dummyFactory;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * A dependency descriptor marker for nested elements.
	 */
	private static class NestedDependencyDescriptor extends DependencyDescriptor {

		public NestedDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original) {
			super(original);
			increaseNestingLevel();
		}
	}


	/**
	 * A dependency descriptor for a multi-element declaration with nested elements.
	 */
	private static class MultiElementDescriptor extends NestedDependencyDescriptor {

		public MultiElementDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original) {
			super(original);
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Separate inner class for avoiding a hard dependency on the {@code javax.inject} API.
	 */
	@UsesJava8
	private class OptionalDependencyFactory {

		public Object createOptionalDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName, final Object... args) {
			DependencyDescriptor descriptorToUse = new NestedDependencyDescriptor(descriptor) {
				@Override
				public boolean isRequired() {
					return false;
				}
				@Override
				public Object resolveCandidate(String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, BeanFactory beanFactory) {
					return (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args) ? beanFactory.getBean(beanName, requiredType, args) :
							super.resolveCandidate(beanName, requiredType, beanFactory));
				}
			};
			Object result = doResolveDependency(descriptorToUse, beanName, null, null);
			return (result instanceof Optional ? (Optional<?>) result : Optional.ofNullable(result));
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Serializable ObjectFactory/ObjectProvider for lazy resolution of a dependency.
	 */
	private class DependencyObjectProvider implements ObjectProvider<Object>, Serializable {

		private final DependencyDescriptor descriptor;

		private final boolean optional;

		private final String beanName;

		public DependencyObjectProvider(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName) {
			this.descriptor = new NestedDependencyDescriptor(descriptor);
			this.optional = (this.descriptor.getDependencyType() == javaUtilOptionalClass);
			this.beanName = beanName;
		}

		@Override
		public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
			if (this.optional) {
				return new OptionalDependencyFactory().createOptionalDependency(this.descriptor, this.beanName);
			}
			else {
				return doResolveDependency(this.descriptor, this.beanName, null, null);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public Object getObject(final Object... args) throws BeansException {
			if (this.optional) {
				return new OptionalDependencyFactory().createOptionalDependency(this.descriptor, this.beanName, args);
			}
			else {
				DependencyDescriptor descriptorToUse = new DependencyDescriptor(this.descriptor) {
					@Override
					public Object resolveCandidate(String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, BeanFactory beanFactory) {
						return ((AbstractBeanFactory) beanFactory).getBean(beanName, requiredType, args);
					}
				};
				return doResolveDependency(descriptorToUse, this.beanName, null, null);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public Object getIfAvailable() throws BeansException {
			if (this.optional) {
				return new OptionalDependencyFactory().createOptionalDependency(this.descriptor, this.beanName);
			}
			else {
				DependencyDescriptor descriptorToUse = new DependencyDescriptor(this.descriptor) {
					@Override
					public boolean isRequired() {
						return false;
					}
				};
				return doResolveDependency(descriptorToUse, this.beanName, null, null);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public Object getIfUnique() throws BeansException {
			DependencyDescriptor descriptorToUse = new DependencyDescriptor(this.descriptor) {
				@Override
				public boolean isRequired() {
					return false;
				}
				@Override
				public Object resolveNotUnique(Class<?> type, Map<String, Object> matchingBeans) {
					return null;
				}
			};
			if (this.optional) {
				return new OptionalDependencyFactory().createOptionalDependency(descriptorToUse, this.beanName);
			}
			else {
				return doResolveDependency(descriptorToUse, this.beanName, null, null);
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * A {@code javax.inject.Provider} implementation for lazy resolution of a dependency.
	 */
	private class Jsr330DependencyProvider extends DependencyObjectProvider implements Provider<Object> {

		public Jsr330DependencyProvider(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName) {
			super(descriptor, beanName);
		}

		@Override
		public Object get() throws BeansException {
			return getObject();
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Separate inner class for avoiding a hard dependency on the {@code javax.inject} API.
	 */
	private class Jsr330ProviderFactory {

		public Object createDependencyProvider(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName) {
			return new Jsr330DependencyProvider(descriptor, beanName);
		}
	}


	/**
	 * An {@link org.springframework.core.OrderComparator.OrderSourceProvider} implementation
	 * that is aware of the bean metadata of the instances to sort.
	 * <p>Lookup for the method factory of an instance to sort, if any, and let the
	 * comparator retrieve the {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.Order}
	 * value defined on it. This essentially allows for the following construct:
	 */
	private class FactoryAwareOrderSourceProvider implements OrderComparator.OrderSourceProvider {

		private final Map<Object, String> instancesToBeanNames;

		public FactoryAwareOrderSourceProvider(Map<Object, String> instancesToBeanNames) {
			this.instancesToBeanNames = instancesToBeanNames;
		}

		@Override
		public Object getOrderSource(Object obj) {
			String beanName = this.instancesToBeanNames.get(obj);
			if (beanName == null || !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
				return null;
			}
			RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			List<Object> sources = new ArrayList<Object>(2);
			Method factoryMethod = beanDefinition.getResolvedFactoryMethod();
			if (factoryMethod != null) {
				sources.add(factoryMethod);
			}
			Class<?> targetType = beanDefinition.getTargetType();
			if (targetType != null && targetType != obj.getClass()) {
				sources.add(targetType);
			}
			return sources.toArray();
		}
	}

}
