Module: Concurrent::Promises::FactoryMethods — Concurrent Ruby

# Module: Concurrent::Promises::FactoryMethods

Extended by:
  FactoryMethods, ReInclude

Includes:
  Configuration

Included in:
  Concurrent::Promises, FactoryMethods, Throttle

Defined in:
  lib/concurrent/promises.rb,
  lib-edge/concurrent/edge/promises.rb,
  lib-edge/concurrent/edge/old_channel_integration.rb

## Overview

Container of all Future, Event factory methods. They are never constructed directly with new.

## Defined Under Namespace

Modules: Configuration

## Class Method Summary collapse

- .any_event(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #any_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .any_event_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Event

  Creates new event which becomes resolved after first of the futures_and_or_events resolves.

- .any_fulfilled_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #any_fulfilled_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .any_fulfilled_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after first of futures_and_or_events is fulfilled.

- .any_resolved_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future (also: #any)

  Shortcut of #any_resolved_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .any_resolved_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after first futures_and_or_events is resolved.

- .delay(*args, &task) ⇒ Future, Event

  Shortcut of #delay_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .delay_on(default_executor, *args, &task) ⇒ undocumented

  Creates new event or future which is resolved only after it is touched, see AbstractEventFuture#touch.

- .fulfilled_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Future

  Creates resolved future with will be fulfilled with the given value.

- .future(*args, &task) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .future_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ Future

  Constructs new Future which will be resolved after block is evaluated on default executor.

- .make_future(argument = nil, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Event, Future

  General constructor.

- .rejected_future(reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Future

  Creates resolved future with will be rejected with the given reason.

- .resolvable_event ⇒ ResolvableEvent

  Shortcut of #resolvable_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .resolvable_event_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ ResolvableEvent

  Created resolvable event, user is responsible for resolving the event once by ResolvableEvent#resolve.

- .resolvable_future ⇒ ResolvableFuture

  Shortcut of #resolvable_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .resolvable_future_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ ResolvableFuture

  Creates resolvable future, user is responsible for resolving the future once by ResolvableFuture#resolve, ResolvableFuture#fulfill, or ResolvableFuture#reject.

- .resolved_event(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Event

  Creates resolved event.

- .resolved_future(fulfilled, value, reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Future

  Creates resolved future with will be either fulfilled with the given value or rejection with the given reason.

- .schedule(intended_time, *args, &task) ⇒ Future, Event

  Shortcut of #schedule_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args, &task) ⇒ undocumented

  Creates new event or future which is resolved in intended_time.

- .zip_events(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Event

  Shortcut of #zip_events_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .zip_events_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Event

  Creates new event which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved.

- .zip_futures(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future (also: #zip)

  Shortcut of #zip_futures_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .zip_futures_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved.

- .zip_futures_over(enumerable, &future_factory) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #zip_futures_over_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- .zip_futures_over_on(default_executor, enumerable) {|element| ... } ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after all the futures created by future_factory from enumerable elements are resolved.

- .default_executor ⇒ Executor, :io, :fast extended from Configuration

  The executor which is used when none is supplied to a factory method.

## Instance Method Summary collapse

- #any_event(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #any_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #any_event_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Event

  Creates new event which becomes resolved after first of the futures_and_or_events resolves.

- #any_fulfilled_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #any_fulfilled_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #any_fulfilled_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after first of futures_and_or_events is fulfilled.

- #any_resolved_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future (also: #any)

  Shortcut of #any_resolved_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #any_resolved_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after first futures_and_or_events is resolved.

- #delay(*args, &task) ⇒ Future, Event

  Shortcut of #delay_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #delay_on(default_executor, *args, &task) ⇒ undocumented

  Creates new event or future which is resolved only after it is touched, see AbstractEventFuture#touch.

- #fulfilled_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Future

  Creates resolved future with will be fulfilled with the given value.

- #future(*args, &task) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #future_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ Future

  Constructs new Future which will be resolved after block is evaluated on default executor.

- #make_future(argument = nil, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Event, Future

  General constructor.

- #rejected_future(reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Future

  Creates resolved future with will be rejected with the given reason.

- #resolvable_event ⇒ ResolvableEvent

  Shortcut of #resolvable_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #resolvable_event_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ ResolvableEvent

  Created resolvable event, user is responsible for resolving the event once by ResolvableEvent#resolve.

- #resolvable_future ⇒ ResolvableFuture

  Shortcut of #resolvable_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #resolvable_future_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ ResolvableFuture

  Creates resolvable future, user is responsible for resolving the future once by ResolvableFuture#resolve, ResolvableFuture#fulfill, or ResolvableFuture#reject.

- #resolved_event(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Event

  Creates resolved event.

- #resolved_future(fulfilled, value, reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ Future

  Creates resolved future with will be either fulfilled with the given value or rejection with the given reason.

- #schedule(intended_time, *args, &task) ⇒ Future, Event

  Shortcut of #schedule_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args, &task) ⇒ undocumented

  Creates new event or future which is resolved in intended_time.

- #zip_events(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Event

  Shortcut of #zip_events_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #zip_events_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Event

  Creates new event which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved.

- #zip_futures(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future (also: #zip)

  Shortcut of #zip_futures_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #zip_futures_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved.

- #zip_futures_over(enumerable, &future_factory) ⇒ Future

  Shortcut of #zip_futures_over_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

- #zip_futures_over_on(default_executor, enumerable) {|element| ... } ⇒ Future

  Creates new future which is resolved after all the futures created by future_factory from enumerable elements are resolved.

- #default_executor ⇒ Executor, :io, :fast included from Configuration

  The executor which is used when none is supplied to a factory method.

## Class Method Details

### .any_event(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Shortcut of #any_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #any_event_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 317

    def any_event(*futures_and_or_events)
      any_event_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### .any_event_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event which becomes resolved after first of the futures_and_or_events resolves. If resolved it does not propagate AbstractEventFuture#touch, leaving delayed futures un-executed if they are not required any more.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Event`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 327

    def any_event_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      AnyResolvedEventPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).event
    end

### .any_fulfilled_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Shortcut of #any_fulfilled_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #any_fulfilled_future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 298

    def any_fulfilled_future(*futures_and_or_events)
      any_fulfilled_future_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### .any_fulfilled_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Creates new future which is resolved after first of futures_and_or_events is fulfilled. Its result equals result of the first resolved future or if all futures_and_or_events reject, it has reason of the last resolved future. If resolved it does not propagate AbstractEventFuture#touch, leaving delayed futures un-executed if they are not required any more. If event is supplied, which does not have value and can be only resolved, it's represented as `:fulfilled` with value `nil`.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 311

    def any_fulfilled_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      AnyFulfilledFuturePromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
    end

### .any_resolved_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future` Also known as: any

Shortcut of #any_resolved_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #any_resolved_future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 276

    def any_resolved_future(*futures_and_or_events)
      any_resolved_future_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### .any_resolved_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Creates new future which is resolved after first futures_and_or_events is resolved. Its result equals result of the first resolved future. If resolved it does not propagate AbstractEventFuture#touch, leaving delayed futures un-executed if they are not required any more. If event is supplied, which does not have value and can be only resolved, it's represented as `:fulfilled` with value `nil`.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 292

    def any_resolved_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      AnyResolvedFuturePromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
    end

### .delay(*args, &task) ⇒ `Future`, `Event`

Shortcut of #delay_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`, `Event`)

See Also:

- #delay_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 188

    def delay(*args, &task)
      delay_on default_executor, *args, &task
    end

### #delay_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future` #delay_on(default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event or future which is resolved only after it is touched, see AbstractEventFuture#touch.

Overloads:

- #delay_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future`

  If task is provided it returns a Concurrent::Promises::Future representing the result of the task.

  Parameters:

  - args (`Object`) —

    arguments which are passed to the task when it's executed. (It might be prepended with other arguments, see the @yeild section).

  Yields:

  - (`*args`) —

    to the task.

  Yield Returns:

  - will become result of the returned Future. Its returned value becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#value fulfilling it, raised exception becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#reason rejecting it.

  Returns:

  - (`Future`)
- #delay_on(default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

  If no task is provided, it returns an Event

  Returns:

  - (`Event`)

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 205

    def delay_on(default_executor, *args, &task)
      event = DelayPromise.new(default_executor).event
      task ? event.chain(*args, &task) : event
    end

### .fulfilled_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

Creates resolved future with will be fulfilled with the given value.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- value (`Object`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 125

    def fulfilled_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      resolved_future true, value, nil, default_executor
    end

### .future(*args, &task) ⇒ `Future`

Shortcut of #future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 92

    def future(*args, &task)
      future_on(default_executor, *args, &task)
    end

### .future_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future`

Constructs new Future which will be resolved after block is evaluated on default executor. Evaluation begins immediately.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- args (`Object`) —

  arguments which are passed to the task when it's executed. (It might be prepended with other arguments, see the @yeild section).

Yields:

- (`*args`) —

  to the task.

Yield Returns:

- will become result of the returned Future. Its returned value becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#value fulfilling it, raised exception becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#reason rejecting it.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 104

    def future_on(default_executor, *args, &task)
      ImmediateEventPromise.new(default_executor).future.then(*args, &task)
    end

### #make_future(nil, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event` #make_future(a_future, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future` #make_future(an_event, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event` #make_future(exception, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future` #make_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

General constructor. Behaves differently based on the argument's type. It's provided for convenience but it's better to be explicit.

Overloads:

- #make_future(nil, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

  Returns resolved event.

  Parameters:

  - nil (`nil`)

  Returns:

  - (`Event`) —

    resolved event.

- #make_future(a_future, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

  Returns a future which will be resolved when a_future is.

  Parameters:

  - a_future (`Future`)

  Returns:

  - (`Future`) —

    a future which will be resolved when a_future is.

- #make_future(an_event, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

  Returns an event which will be resolved when an_event is.

  Parameters:

  - an_event (`Event`)

  Returns:

  - (`Event`) —

    an event which will be resolved when an_event is.

- #make_future(exception, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

  Returns a rejected future with the exception as its reason.

  Parameters:

  - exception (`Exception`)

  Returns:

  - (`Future`) —

    a rejected future with the exception as its reason.

- #make_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

  Returns a fulfilled future with the value.

  Parameters:

  - value (`Object`) —

    when none of the above overloads fits

  Returns:

  - (`Future`) —

    a fulfilled future with the value.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`Event`, `Future`)

See Also:

- resolved_event, fulfilled_future

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 172

    def make_future(argument = nil, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      case argument
      when AbstractEventFuture
        # returning wrapper would change nothing
        argument
      when Exception
        rejected_future argument, default_executor
      when nil
        resolved_event default_executor
      else
        fulfilled_future argument, default_executor
      end
    end

### .rejected_future(reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

Creates resolved future with will be rejected with the given reason.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- reason (`Object`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 134

    def rejected_future(reason, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      resolved_future false, nil, reason, default_executor
    end

### .resolvable_event ⇒ `ResolvableEvent`

Shortcut of #resolvable_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableEvent`)

See Also:

- #resolvable_event_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 61

    def resolvable_event
      resolvable_event_on default_executor
    end

### .resolvable_event_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `ResolvableEvent`

Created resolvable event, user is responsible for resolving the event once by ResolvableEvent#resolve.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableEvent`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 70

    def resolvable_event_on(default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ResolvableEventPromise.new(default_executor).future
    end

### .resolvable_future ⇒ `ResolvableFuture`

Shortcut of #resolvable_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableFuture`)

See Also:

- #resolvable_future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 76

    def resolvable_future
      resolvable_future_on default_executor
    end

### .resolvable_future_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `ResolvableFuture`

Creates resolvable future, user is responsible for resolving the future once by ResolvableFuture#resolve, ResolvableFuture#fulfill, or ResolvableFuture#reject

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableFuture`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 86

    def resolvable_future_on(default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ResolvableFuturePromise.new(default_executor).future
    end

### .resolved_event(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

Creates resolved event.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`Event`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 142

    def resolved_event(default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ImmediateEventPromise.new(default_executor).event
    end

### .resolved_future(fulfilled, value, reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

Creates resolved future with will be either fulfilled with the given value or rejection with the given reason.

Parameters:

- fulfilled (`true`, `false`)
- value (`Object`)
- reason (`Object`)
- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 116

    def resolved_future(fulfilled, value, reason, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ImmediateFuturePromise.new(default_executor, fulfilled, value, reason).future
    end

### .schedule(intended_time, *args, &task) ⇒ `Future`, `Event`

Shortcut of #schedule_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`, `Event`)

See Also:

- #schedule_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 212

    def schedule(intended_time, *args, &task)
      schedule_on default_executor, intended_time, *args, &task
    end

### #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future` #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event or future which is resolved in intended_time.

Overloads:

- #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future`

  If task is provided it returns a Concurrent::Promises::Future representing the result of the task.

  Parameters:

  - args (`Object`) —

    arguments which are passed to the task when it's executed. (It might be prepended with other arguments, see the @yeild section).

  Yields:

  - (`*args`) —

    to the task.

  Yield Returns:

  - will become result of the returned Future. Its returned value becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#value fulfilling it, raised exception becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#reason rejecting it.

  Returns:

  - (`Future`)
- #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time) ⇒ `Event`

  If no task is provided, it returns an Event

  Returns:

  - (`Event`)

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- intended_time (`Numeric`, `Time`) —

  `Numeric` means to run in `intended_time` seconds. `Time` means to run on `intended_time`.

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 231

    def schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args, &task)
      event = ScheduledPromise.new(default_executor, intended_time).event
      task ? event.chain(*args, &task) : event
    end

### .zip_events(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Event`

Shortcut of #zip_events_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Event`)

See Also:

- #zip_events_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 260

    def zip_events(*futures_and_or_events)
      zip_events_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### .zip_events_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved. (Future is resolved when fulfilled or rejected.)

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Event`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 270

    def zip_events_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      ZipEventsPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).event
    end

### .zip_futures(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future` Also known as: zip

Shortcut of #zip_futures_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #zip_futures_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 238

    def zip_futures(*futures_and_or_events)
      zip_futures_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### .zip_futures_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Creates new future which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved. Its value is array of zipped future values. Its reason is array of reasons for rejection. If there is an error it rejects. If event is supplied, which does not have value and can be only resolved, it's represented as `:fulfilled` with value `nil`.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 252

    def zip_futures_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      ZipFuturesPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
    end

### .zip_futures_over(enumerable, &future_factory) ⇒ `Future`

Note:

Edge Features are under active development and may change frequently.

- Deprecations are not added before incompatible changes.
- Edge version: major is always 0, minor bump means incompatible change, patch bump means compatible change.
- Edge features may also lack tests and documentation.
- Features developed in `concurrent-ruby-edge` are expected to move to `concurrent-ruby` when finalised.

Shortcut of #zip_futures_over_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #zip_futures_over_on

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    # File 'lib-edge/concurrent/edge/promises.rb', line 72

    def zip_futures_over(enumerable, &future_factory)
      zip_futures_over_on default_executor, enumerable, &future_factory
    end

### .zip_futures_over_on(default_executor, enumerable) {|element| ... } ⇒ `Future`

Note:

Edge Features are under active development and may change frequently.

- Deprecations are not added before incompatible changes.
- Edge version: major is always 0, minor bump means incompatible change, patch bump means compatible change.
- Edge features may also lack tests and documentation.
- Features developed in `concurrent-ruby-edge` are expected to move to `concurrent-ruby` when finalised.

Creates new future which is resolved after all the futures created by future_factory from enumerable elements are resolved. Simplified it does: `zip(*enumerable.map { |e| future e, &future_factory })`

Examples:

    # `#succ` calls are executed in parallel
    zip_futures_over_on(:io, [1, 2], &:succ).value! # => [2, 3]

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- enumerable (`Enumerable`)

Yields:

- a task to be executed in future

Yield Parameters:

- element (`Object`) —

  from enumerable

Yield Returns:

- (`Object`) —

  a value of the future

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib-edge/concurrent/edge/promises.rb', line 90

    def zip_futures_over_on(default_executor, enumerable, &future_factory)
      # ZipFuturesPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
      zip_futures_on(default_executor, *enumerable.map { |e| future e, &future_factory })
    end

### .default_executor ⇒ `Executor`, `:io`, `:fast` Originally defined in module Configuration

Returns the executor which is used when none is supplied to a factory method. The method can be overridden in the receivers of `include FactoryMethod`

Returns:

- (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  the executor which is used when none is supplied to a factory method. The method can be overridden in the receivers of `include FactoryMethod`

## Instance Method Details

### #any_event(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Shortcut of #any_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #any_event_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 317

    def any_event(*futures_and_or_events)
      any_event_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### #any_event_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event which becomes resolved after first of the futures_and_or_events resolves. If resolved it does not propagate AbstractEventFuture#touch, leaving delayed futures un-executed if they are not required any more.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Event`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 327

    def any_event_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      AnyResolvedEventPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).event
    end

### #any_fulfilled_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Shortcut of #any_fulfilled_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #any_fulfilled_future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 298

    def any_fulfilled_future(*futures_and_or_events)
      any_fulfilled_future_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### #any_fulfilled_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Creates new future which is resolved after first of futures_and_or_events is fulfilled. Its result equals result of the first resolved future or if all futures_and_or_events reject, it has reason of the last resolved future. If resolved it does not propagate AbstractEventFuture#touch, leaving delayed futures un-executed if they are not required any more. If event is supplied, which does not have value and can be only resolved, it's represented as `:fulfilled` with value `nil`.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 311

    def any_fulfilled_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      AnyFulfilledFuturePromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
    end

### #any_resolved_future(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future` Also known as: any

Shortcut of #any_resolved_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #any_resolved_future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 276

    def any_resolved_future(*futures_and_or_events)
      any_resolved_future_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### #any_resolved_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Creates new future which is resolved after first futures_and_or_events is resolved. Its result equals result of the first resolved future. If resolved it does not propagate AbstractEventFuture#touch, leaving delayed futures un-executed if they are not required any more. If event is supplied, which does not have value and can be only resolved, it's represented as `:fulfilled` with value `nil`.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 292

    def any_resolved_future_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      AnyResolvedFuturePromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
    end

### #delay(*args, &task) ⇒ `Future`, `Event`

Shortcut of #delay_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`, `Event`)

See Also:

- #delay_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 188

    def delay(*args, &task)
      delay_on default_executor, *args, &task
    end

### #delay_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future` #delay_on(default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event or future which is resolved only after it is touched, see AbstractEventFuture#touch.

Overloads:

- #delay_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future`

  If task is provided it returns a Concurrent::Promises::Future representing the result of the task.

  Parameters:

  - args (`Object`) —

    arguments which are passed to the task when it's executed. (It might be prepended with other arguments, see the @yeild section).

  Yields:

  - (`*args`) —

    to the task.

  Yield Returns:

  - will become result of the returned Future. Its returned value becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#value fulfilling it, raised exception becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#reason rejecting it.

  Returns:

  - (`Future`)
- #delay_on(default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

  If no task is provided, it returns an Event

  Returns:

  - (`Event`)

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 205

    def delay_on(default_executor, *args, &task)
      event = DelayPromise.new(default_executor).event
      task ? event.chain(*args, &task) : event
    end

### #fulfilled_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

Creates resolved future with will be fulfilled with the given value.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- value (`Object`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 125

    def fulfilled_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      resolved_future true, value, nil, default_executor
    end

### #future(*args, &task) ⇒ `Future`

Shortcut of #future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 92

    def future(*args, &task)
      future_on(default_executor, *args, &task)
    end

### #future_on(default_executor, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future`

Constructs new Future which will be resolved after block is evaluated on default executor. Evaluation begins immediately.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- args (`Object`) —

  arguments which are passed to the task when it's executed. (It might be prepended with other arguments, see the @yeild section).

Yields:

- (`*args`) —

  to the task.

Yield Returns:

- will become result of the returned Future. Its returned value becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#value fulfilling it, raised exception becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#reason rejecting it.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 104

    def future_on(default_executor, *args, &task)
      ImmediateEventPromise.new(default_executor).future.then(*args, &task)
    end

### #make_future(nil, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event` #make_future(a_future, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future` #make_future(an_event, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event` #make_future(exception, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future` #make_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

General constructor. Behaves differently based on the argument's type. It's provided for convenience but it's better to be explicit.

Overloads:

- #make_future(nil, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

  Returns resolved event.

  Parameters:

  - nil (`nil`)

  Returns:

  - (`Event`) —

    resolved event.

- #make_future(a_future, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

  Returns a future which will be resolved when a_future is.

  Parameters:

  - a_future (`Future`)

  Returns:

  - (`Future`) —

    a future which will be resolved when a_future is.

- #make_future(an_event, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

  Returns an event which will be resolved when an_event is.

  Parameters:

  - an_event (`Event`)

  Returns:

  - (`Event`) —

    an event which will be resolved when an_event is.

- #make_future(exception, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

  Returns a rejected future with the exception as its reason.

  Parameters:

  - exception (`Exception`)

  Returns:

  - (`Future`) —

    a rejected future with the exception as its reason.

- #make_future(value, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

  Returns a fulfilled future with the value.

  Parameters:

  - value (`Object`) —

    when none of the above overloads fits

  Returns:

  - (`Future`) —

    a fulfilled future with the value.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`Event`, `Future`)

See Also:

- resolved_event, fulfilled_future

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 172

    def make_future(argument = nil, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      case argument
      when AbstractEventFuture
        # returning wrapper would change nothing
        argument
      when Exception
        rejected_future argument, default_executor
      when nil
        resolved_event default_executor
      else
        fulfilled_future argument, default_executor
      end
    end

### #rejected_future(reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

Creates resolved future with will be rejected with the given reason.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- reason (`Object`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 134

    def rejected_future(reason, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      resolved_future false, nil, reason, default_executor
    end

### #resolvable_event ⇒ `ResolvableEvent`

Shortcut of #resolvable_event_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableEvent`)

See Also:

- #resolvable_event_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 61

    def resolvable_event
      resolvable_event_on default_executor
    end

### #resolvable_event_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `ResolvableEvent`

Created resolvable event, user is responsible for resolving the event once by ResolvableEvent#resolve.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableEvent`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 70

    def resolvable_event_on(default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ResolvableEventPromise.new(default_executor).future
    end

### #resolvable_future ⇒ `ResolvableFuture`

Shortcut of #resolvable_future_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableFuture`)

See Also:

- #resolvable_future_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 76

    def resolvable_future
      resolvable_future_on default_executor
    end

### #resolvable_future_on(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `ResolvableFuture`

Creates resolvable future, user is responsible for resolving the future once by ResolvableFuture#resolve, ResolvableFuture#fulfill, or ResolvableFuture#reject

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`ResolvableFuture`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 86

    def resolvable_future_on(default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ResolvableFuturePromise.new(default_executor).future
    end

### #resolved_event(default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Event`

Creates resolved event.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`Event`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 142

    def resolved_event(default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ImmediateEventPromise.new(default_executor).event
    end

### #resolved_future(fulfilled, value, reason, default_executor = self.default_executor) ⇒ `Future`

Creates resolved future with will be either fulfilled with the given value or rejection with the given reason.

Parameters:

- fulfilled (`true`, `false`)
- value (`Object`)
- reason (`Object`)
- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) (defaults to: `self.default_executor`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 116

    def resolved_future(fulfilled, value, reason, default_executor = self.default_executor)
      ImmediateFuturePromise.new(default_executor, fulfilled, value, reason).future
    end

### #schedule(intended_time, *args, &task) ⇒ `Future`, `Event`

Shortcut of #schedule_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`, `Event`)

See Also:

- #schedule_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 212

    def schedule(intended_time, *args, &task)
      schedule_on default_executor, intended_time, *args, &task
    end

### #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future` #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event or future which is resolved in intended_time.

Overloads:

- #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args) {|*args| ... } ⇒ `Future`

  If task is provided it returns a Concurrent::Promises::Future representing the result of the task.

  Parameters:

  - args (`Object`) —

    arguments which are passed to the task when it's executed. (It might be prepended with other arguments, see the @yeild section).

  Yields:

  - (`*args`) —

    to the task.

  Yield Returns:

  - will become result of the returned Future. Its returned value becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#value fulfilling it, raised exception becomes Concurrent::Promises::Future#reason rejecting it.

  Returns:

  - (`Future`)
- #schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time) ⇒ `Event`

  If no task is provided, it returns an Event

  Returns:

  - (`Event`)

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- intended_time (`Numeric`, `Time`) —

  `Numeric` means to run in `intended_time` seconds. `Time` means to run on `intended_time`.

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 231

    def schedule_on(default_executor, intended_time, *args, &task)
      event = ScheduledPromise.new(default_executor, intended_time).event
      task ? event.chain(*args, &task) : event
    end

### #zip_events(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Event`

Shortcut of #zip_events_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Event`)

See Also:

- #zip_events_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 260

    def zip_events(*futures_and_or_events)
      zip_events_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### #zip_events_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Event`

Creates new event which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved. (Future is resolved when fulfilled or rejected.)

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Event`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 270

    def zip_events_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      ZipEventsPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).event
    end

### #zip_futures(*futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future` Also known as: zip

Shortcut of #zip_futures_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #zip_futures_on

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 238

    def zip_futures(*futures_and_or_events)
      zip_futures_on default_executor, *futures_and_or_events
    end

### #zip_futures_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events) ⇒ `Future`

Creates new future which is resolved after all futures_and_or_events are resolved. Its value is array of zipped future values. Its reason is array of reasons for rejection. If there is an error it rejects. If event is supplied, which does not have value and can be only resolved, it's represented as `:fulfilled` with value `nil`.

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- futures_and_or_events (`AbstractEventFuture`)

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib/concurrent/promises.rb', line 252

    def zip_futures_on(default_executor, *futures_and_or_events)
      ZipFuturesPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
    end

### #zip_futures_over(enumerable, &future_factory) ⇒ `Future`

Note:

Edge Features are under active development and may change frequently.

- Deprecations are not added before incompatible changes.
- Edge version: major is always 0, minor bump means incompatible change, patch bump means compatible change.
- Edge features may also lack tests and documentation.
- Features developed in `concurrent-ruby-edge` are expected to move to `concurrent-ruby` when finalised.

Shortcut of #zip_futures_over_on with default `:io` executor supplied.

Returns:

- (`Future`)

See Also:

- #zip_futures_over_on

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    # File 'lib-edge/concurrent/edge/promises.rb', line 72

    def zip_futures_over(enumerable, &future_factory)
      zip_futures_over_on default_executor, enumerable, &future_factory
    end

### #zip_futures_over_on(default_executor, enumerable) {|element| ... } ⇒ `Future`

Note:

Edge Features are under active development and may change frequently.

- Deprecations are not added before incompatible changes.
- Edge version: major is always 0, minor bump means incompatible change, patch bump means compatible change.
- Edge features may also lack tests and documentation.
- Features developed in `concurrent-ruby-edge` are expected to move to `concurrent-ruby` when finalised.

Creates new future which is resolved after all the futures created by future_factory from enumerable elements are resolved. Simplified it does: `zip(*enumerable.map { |e| future e, &future_factory })`

Examples:

    # `#succ` calls are executed in parallel
    zip_futures_over_on(:io, [1, 2], &:succ).value! # => [2, 3]

Parameters:

- default_executor (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  Instance of an executor or a name of the global executor. Default executor propagates to chained futures unless overridden with executor parameter or changed with AbstractEventFuture#with_default_executor.

- enumerable (`Enumerable`)

Yields:

- a task to be executed in future

Yield Parameters:

- element (`Object`) —

  from enumerable

Yield Returns:

- (`Object`) —

  a value of the future

Returns:

- (`Future`)

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    # File 'lib-edge/concurrent/edge/promises.rb', line 90

    def zip_futures_over_on(default_executor, enumerable, &future_factory)
      # ZipFuturesPromise.new_blocked_by(futures_and_or_events, default_executor).future
      zip_futures_on(default_executor, *enumerable.map { |e| future e, &future_factory })
    end

### #default_executor ⇒ `Executor`, `:io`, `:fast` Originally defined in module Configuration

Returns the executor which is used when none is supplied to a factory method. The method can be overridden in the receivers of `include FactoryMethod`

Returns:

- (`Executor`, `:io`, `:fast`) —

  the executor which is used when none is supplied to a factory method. The method can be overridden in the receivers of `include FactoryMethod`