sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    date_delta_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    build_formatted_time,
     14    if_sql,
     15    inline_array_sql,
     16    max_or_greatest,
     17    min_or_least,
     18    rename_func,
     19    timestamptrunc_sql,
     20    timestrtotime_sql,
     21    var_map_sql,
     22)
     23from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     24from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_int, seq_get
     25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     26
     27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     28    from sqlglot._typing import E
     29
     30
     31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     32def _build_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
     33    if len(args) == 2:
     34        first_arg, second_arg = args
     35        if second_arg.is_string:
     36            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     37            return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     38        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=second_arg)
     39
     40    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     41
     42    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     43    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     44    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     45    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     46        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
     47        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     48
     49    if first_arg.is_string:
     50        if is_int(first_arg.this):
     51            # case: <integer>
     52            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     53
     54        # case: <date_expr>
     55        return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     56
     57    # case: <numeric_expr>
     58    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     59
     60
     61def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     62    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
     63
     64    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     65        return expression
     66
     67    return exp.Struct(
     68        expressions=[
     69            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     70        ]
     71    )
     72
     73
     74def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     75    return exp.DateDiff(
     76        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
     77    )
     78
     79
     80# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
     81def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     82    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     83    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     84    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
     85    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     86
     87
     88# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     89def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     90    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     91    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     92
     93
     94# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     95def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     96    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     97    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     98
     99
    100def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    101    if expression.is_type("array"):
    102        return "ARRAY"
    103    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    104        return "OBJECT"
    105    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    106
    107
    108def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    109    flag = expression.text("flag")
    110
    111    if "i" not in flag:
    112        flag += "i"
    113
    114    return self.func(
    115        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    116    )
    117
    118
    119def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    120    if len(args) == 3:
    121        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    122    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    123
    124
    125def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    126    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    127
    128    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    129        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    130
    131    return regexp_replace
    132
    133
    134def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    135    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    136        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    137
    138    return _parse
    139
    140
    141DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
    142    "Y": "YEAR",
    143    "YY": "YEAR",
    144    "YYY": "YEAR",
    145    "YYYY": "YEAR",
    146    "YR": "YEAR",
    147    "YEARS": "YEAR",
    148    "YRS": "YEAR",
    149    "MM": "MONTH",
    150    "MON": "MONTH",
    151    "MONS": "MONTH",
    152    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
    153    "D": "DAY",
    154    "DD": "DAY",
    155    "DAYS": "DAY",
    156    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
    157    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
    158    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    159    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    160    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    161    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    162    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    163    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    164    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    165    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    166    "W": "WEEK",
    167    "WK": "WEEK",
    168    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
    169    "WOY": "WEEK",
    170    "WY": "WEEK",
    171    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    172    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
    173    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    174    "Q": "QUARTER",
    175    "QTR": "QUARTER",
    176    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
    177    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
    178    "H": "HOUR",
    179    "HH": "HOUR",
    180    "HR": "HOUR",
    181    "HOURS": "HOUR",
    182    "HRS": "HOUR",
    183    "M": "MINUTE",
    184    "MI": "MINUTE",
    185    "MIN": "MINUTE",
    186    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
    187    "MINS": "MINUTE",
    188    "S": "SECOND",
    189    "SEC": "SECOND",
    190    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
    191    "SECS": "SECOND",
    192    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    193    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
    194    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
    195    "US": "MICROSECOND",
    196    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
    197    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
    198    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    199    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    200    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    201    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
    202    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    203    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
    204    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    205    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    206    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
    207    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
    208    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
    209    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
    210    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
    211}
    212
    213
    214@t.overload
    215def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
    216    pass
    217
    218
    219@t.overload
    220def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    221    pass
    222
    223
    224def _map_date_part(part):
    225    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
    226    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
    227
    228
    229def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
    230    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
    231    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
    232    return trunc
    233
    234
    235def _build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    236    if len(args) == 2:
    237        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
    238        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
    239        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
    240
    241    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    242
    243
    244def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    245    """
    246    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
    247    so we need to unqualify them.
    248
    249    Example:
    250        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    251        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
    252        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    253        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
    254    """
    255    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
    256        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
    257
    258    return expression
    259
    260
    261class Snowflake(Dialect):
    262    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    263    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    264    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    265    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    266    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    267    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    268    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    269    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    270
    271    TIME_MAPPING = {
    272        "YYYY": "%Y",
    273        "yyyy": "%Y",
    274        "YY": "%y",
    275        "yy": "%y",
    276        "MMMM": "%B",
    277        "mmmm": "%B",
    278        "MON": "%b",
    279        "mon": "%b",
    280        "MM": "%m",
    281        "mm": "%m",
    282        "DD": "%d",
    283        "dd": "%-d",
    284        "DY": "%a",
    285        "dy": "%w",
    286        "HH24": "%H",
    287        "hh24": "%H",
    288        "HH12": "%I",
    289        "hh12": "%I",
    290        "MI": "%M",
    291        "mi": "%M",
    292        "SS": "%S",
    293        "ss": "%S",
    294        "FF": "%f",
    295        "ff": "%f",
    296        "FF6": "%f",
    297        "ff6": "%f",
    298    }
    299
    300    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    301        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    302        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    303        if (
    304            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    305            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    306            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    307        ):
    308            return expression  # type: ignore
    309
    310        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    311
    312    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    313        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    314
    315        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    316
    317        FUNCTIONS = {
    318            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    319            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    320            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    321            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    322                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    323            ),
    324            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    325                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    326                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    327                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    328                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    329            ),
    330            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    331            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    332            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    333            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    334            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
    335            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    336            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    337                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    338                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    339                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    340            ),
    341            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    342            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    343            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    344            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    345                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    346            ),
    347            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    348            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    349                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    350            ),
    351            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    352            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    353            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    354            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    355            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    356            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    357            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    358            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    359            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    360            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    361            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    362            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_to_timestamp,
    363            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    364            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    365        }
    366
    367        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    368            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    369            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    370            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    371        }
    372        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    373
    374        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    375
    376        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    377            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    378            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    379            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    380            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this: self._parse_colon_get_path(this),
    381        }
    382
    383        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    385            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    386            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    387                exp.Set,
    388                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    389                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    390                unset=True,
    391            ),
    392            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    393        }
    394
    395        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    396            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    397            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    398        }
    399
    400        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    401            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    402            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    403        }
    404
    405        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    406            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    407            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    408            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    409            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    410            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    411            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    412            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    413            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    414            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    415            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    416            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    417            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    418            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    419            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    420            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    421            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    422            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    423            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    424            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    425        }
    426
    427        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    428            TokenType.DOT,
    429            TokenType.MOD,
    430            TokenType.SLASH,
    431        }
    432
    433        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    434
    435        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    436
    437        def _parse_colon_get_path(
    438            self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    439        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    440            while True:
    441                path = self._parse_bitwise()
    442
    443                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    444                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    445                if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    446                    target_type = path.to
    447                    path = path.this
    448                else:
    449                    target_type = None
    450
    451                if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    452                    path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    453
    454                # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    455                this = self.expression(
    456                    exp.JSONExtract, this=this, expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(path)
    457                )
    458
    459                if target_type:
    460                    this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    461
    462                if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    463                    break
    464
    465            return self._parse_range(this)
    466
    467        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    468        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    469        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    470            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    471
    472            if not this:
    473                return None
    474
    475            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    476            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    477            this = _map_date_part(this)
    478            name = this.name.upper()
    479
    480            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    481                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    482                    scale = 10**3
    483                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    484                    scale = 10**6
    485                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    486                    scale = 10**9
    487                else:
    488                    scale = None
    489
    490                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    491                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    492
    493                if scale:
    494                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    495
    496                return to_unix
    497
    498            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    499
    500        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    501            if is_map:
    502                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    503                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    504                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    505                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    506
    507            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    508
    509        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    510            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    511            if not lateral:
    512                return lateral
    513
    514            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    515                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    516                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    517                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    518                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    519                elif not table_alias:
    520                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    521
    522            return lateral
    523
    524        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    525            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    526            index = self._index
    527            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    528                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    529                kind = (
    530                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    531                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    532                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    533                )
    534                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    535
    536                if expression:
    537                    self._match_r_paren()
    538                    when = self.expression(
    539                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    540                    )
    541                    table.set("when", when)
    542                else:
    543                    self._retreat(index)
    544
    545            return table
    546
    547        def _parse_table_parts(
    548            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    549        ) -> exp.Table:
    550            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    551            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    552                table = self._parse_string()
    553            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    554                table = self._parse_location_path()
    555            else:
    556                table = None
    557
    558            if table:
    559                file_format = None
    560                pattern = None
    561
    562                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    563                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    564                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    565                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    566                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    567                        )
    568                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    569                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    570                    else:
    571                        break
    572
    573                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    574
    575                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    576            else:
    577                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    578
    579            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    580
    581        def _parse_id_var(
    582            self,
    583            any_token: bool = True,
    584            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    585        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    586            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    587                identifier = (
    588                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    589                    or self._parse_string()
    590                )
    591                self._match_r_paren()
    592                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    593
    594            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    595
    596        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    597            scope = None
    598            scope_kind = None
    599
    600            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    601            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    602            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    603
    604            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    605
    606            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    607
    608            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    609                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    610                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    611                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    612                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    613                    if self._curr:
    614                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    615                elif self._curr:
    616                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    617                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    618
    619            return self.expression(
    620                exp.Show,
    621                **{
    622                    "terse": terse,
    623                    "this": this,
    624                    "history": history,
    625                    "like": like,
    626                    "scope": scope,
    627                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    628                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    629                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    630                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    631                },
    632            )
    633
    634        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    635            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    636            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    637
    638        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    639            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    640            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    641
    642        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    643            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    644
    645            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    646            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    647            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    648                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    649
    650            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    651
    652    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    653        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    654        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    655        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    656        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    657
    658        KEYWORDS = {
    659            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    660            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    661            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    662            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    663            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    664            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    665            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    666            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    667            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    668            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    669            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    670            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    671            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    672            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    673            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    674            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    675            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    676            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    677            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    678            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    679            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    680            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    681            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    682        }
    683
    684        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    685            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    686            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    687        }
    688
    689        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    690
    691        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    692
    693    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    694        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    695        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    696        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    697        JOIN_HINTS = False
    698        TABLE_HINTS = False
    699        QUERY_HINTS = False
    700        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    701        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    702        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    703        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    704        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    705        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    706
    707        TRANSFORMS = {
    708            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    709            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    710            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    711            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    712            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    713            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    714            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    715            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    716                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    717            ),
    718            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    719            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    720            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    721            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    722            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    723            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    724            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    725            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    726            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    727            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    728            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    729                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    730            ),
    731            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    732                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    733            ),
    734            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    735            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    736            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
    737            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    738                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
    739            ),
    740            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    741            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    742            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    743            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    744            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    745            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    746            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    747            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    748            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    749                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    750            ),
    751            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    752                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    753            ),
    754            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    755            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    756            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    757            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    758                [
    759                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    760                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    761                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    762                ]
    763            ),
    764            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    765            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    766            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    767            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    768                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    769            ),
    770            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    771            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    772            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    773                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    774            ),
    775            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    776            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    777            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    778                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    779            ),
    780            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    781            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    782            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    783            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    784            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    785            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    786            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    787            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    788            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    789            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    790        }
    791
    792        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    793            exp.JSONPathKey,
    794            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    795            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    796        }
    797
    798        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    799            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    800            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    801        }
    802
    803        STAR_MAPPING = {
    804            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    805            "replace": "RENAME",
    806        }
    807
    808        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    809            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    810            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    811            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    812        }
    813
    814        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    815            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    816            if milli is not None:
    817                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    818                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    819
    820            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    821
    822        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    823            value = expression.this
    824
    825            if value.type is None:
    826                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    827
    828                value = annotate_types(value)
    829
    830            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    831                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    832
    833            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    834            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    835
    836        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    837            if not expression.expression:
    838                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    839
    840            return super().log_sql(expression)
    841
    842        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    843            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    844            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    845
    846            columns = [
    847                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    848                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    849                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    850                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    851                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    852                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    853                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    854            ]
    855
    856            if unnest_alias:
    857                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    858            else:
    859                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    860
    861            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    862            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    863            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    864            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    865
    866        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    867            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    868            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    869            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    870            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    871
    872            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    873            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    874
    875            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    876            if scope_kind:
    877                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    878
    879            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    880            if starts_with:
    881                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    882
    883            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    884
    885            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    886            if from_:
    887                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    888
    889            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    890
    891        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    892            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    893            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    894            group = expression.args.get("group")
    895            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    896            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    897            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    898
    899            return self.func(
    900                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    901                expression.this,
    902                expression.expression,
    903                position,
    904                occurrence,
    905                parameters,
    906                group,
    907            )
    908
    909        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    910            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    911                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    912            return super().except_op(expression)
    913
    914        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    915            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    916                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    917            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    918
    919        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    920            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    921            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    922            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    923            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    924            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    925            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    926            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    927
    928        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    929            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    930        ) -> str:
    931            start = expression.args.get("start")
    932            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    933            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    934            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    935            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    936
    937        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    938            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    939            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    940
    941        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    942            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    943
    944        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    945            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    946
    947        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    948            keys = []
    949            values = []
    950
    951            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    952                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    953                    keys.append(
    954                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    955                    )
    956                    values.append(e.expression)
    957                else:
    958                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    959                    values.append(e)
    960
    961            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    262class Snowflake(Dialect):
    263    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    264    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    265    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    266    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    267    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    268    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    269    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    270    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    271
    272    TIME_MAPPING = {
    273        "YYYY": "%Y",
    274        "yyyy": "%Y",
    275        "YY": "%y",
    276        "yy": "%y",
    277        "MMMM": "%B",
    278        "mmmm": "%B",
    279        "MON": "%b",
    280        "mon": "%b",
    281        "MM": "%m",
    282        "mm": "%m",
    283        "DD": "%d",
    284        "dd": "%-d",
    285        "DY": "%a",
    286        "dy": "%w",
    287        "HH24": "%H",
    288        "hh24": "%H",
    289        "HH12": "%I",
    290        "hh12": "%I",
    291        "MI": "%M",
    292        "mi": "%M",
    293        "SS": "%S",
    294        "ss": "%S",
    295        "FF": "%f",
    296        "ff": "%f",
    297        "FF6": "%f",
    298        "ff6": "%f",
    299    }
    300
    301    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    302        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    303        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    304        if (
    305            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    306            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    307            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    308        ):
    309            return expression  # type: ignore
    310
    311        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    312
    313    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    314        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    315
    316        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    317
    318        FUNCTIONS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    320            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    321            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    322            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    323                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    324            ),
    325            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    326                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    327                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    328                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    329                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    330            ),
    331            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    332            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    333            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    334            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    335            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
    336            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    337            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    338                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    339                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    340                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    341            ),
    342            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    343            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    344            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    345            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    346                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    347            ),
    348            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    349            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    350                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    351            ),
    352            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    353            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    354            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    355            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    356            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    357            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    358            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    359            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    360            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    361            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    362            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    363            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_to_timestamp,
    364            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    365            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    366        }
    367
    368        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    369            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    370            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    371            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    372        }
    373        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    374
    375        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    376
    377        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    378            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    379            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    380            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    381            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this: self._parse_colon_get_path(this),
    382        }
    383
    384        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    385            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    386            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    387            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    388                exp.Set,
    389                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    390                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    391                unset=True,
    392            ),
    393            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    394        }
    395
    396        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    397            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    398            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    399        }
    400
    401        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    402            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    403            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    404        }
    405
    406        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    407            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    408            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    409            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    410            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    411            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    412            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    413            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    414            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    415            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    416            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    417            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    418            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    419            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    420            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    421            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    422            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    423            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    424            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    425            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    426        }
    427
    428        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    429            TokenType.DOT,
    430            TokenType.MOD,
    431            TokenType.SLASH,
    432        }
    433
    434        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    435
    436        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    437
    438        def _parse_colon_get_path(
    439            self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    440        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    441            while True:
    442                path = self._parse_bitwise()
    443
    444                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    445                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    446                if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    447                    target_type = path.to
    448                    path = path.this
    449                else:
    450                    target_type = None
    451
    452                if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    453                    path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    454
    455                # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    456                this = self.expression(
    457                    exp.JSONExtract, this=this, expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(path)
    458                )
    459
    460                if target_type:
    461                    this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    462
    463                if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    464                    break
    465
    466            return self._parse_range(this)
    467
    468        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    469        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    470        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    471            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    472
    473            if not this:
    474                return None
    475
    476            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    477            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    478            this = _map_date_part(this)
    479            name = this.name.upper()
    480
    481            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    482                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    483                    scale = 10**3
    484                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    485                    scale = 10**6
    486                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    487                    scale = 10**9
    488                else:
    489                    scale = None
    490
    491                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    492                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    493
    494                if scale:
    495                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    496
    497                return to_unix
    498
    499            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    500
    501        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    502            if is_map:
    503                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    504                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    505                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    506                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    507
    508            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    509
    510        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    511            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    512            if not lateral:
    513                return lateral
    514
    515            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    516                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    517                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    518                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    519                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    520                elif not table_alias:
    521                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    522
    523            return lateral
    524
    525        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    526            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    527            index = self._index
    528            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    529                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    530                kind = (
    531                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    532                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    533                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    534                )
    535                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    536
    537                if expression:
    538                    self._match_r_paren()
    539                    when = self.expression(
    540                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    541                    )
    542                    table.set("when", when)
    543                else:
    544                    self._retreat(index)
    545
    546            return table
    547
    548        def _parse_table_parts(
    549            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    550        ) -> exp.Table:
    551            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    552            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    553                table = self._parse_string()
    554            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    555                table = self._parse_location_path()
    556            else:
    557                table = None
    558
    559            if table:
    560                file_format = None
    561                pattern = None
    562
    563                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    564                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    565                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    566                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    567                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    568                        )
    569                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    570                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    571                    else:
    572                        break
    573
    574                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    575
    576                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    577            else:
    578                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    579
    580            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    581
    582        def _parse_id_var(
    583            self,
    584            any_token: bool = True,
    585            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    586        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    587            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    588                identifier = (
    589                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    590                    or self._parse_string()
    591                )
    592                self._match_r_paren()
    593                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    594
    595            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    596
    597        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    598            scope = None
    599            scope_kind = None
    600
    601            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    602            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    603            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    604
    605            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    606
    607            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    608
    609            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    610                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    611                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    612                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    613                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    614                    if self._curr:
    615                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    616                elif self._curr:
    617                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    618                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    619
    620            return self.expression(
    621                exp.Show,
    622                **{
    623                    "terse": terse,
    624                    "this": this,
    625                    "history": history,
    626                    "like": like,
    627                    "scope": scope,
    628                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    629                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    630                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    631                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    632                },
    633            )
    634
    635        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    636            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    637            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    638
    639        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    640            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    641            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    642
    643        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    644            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    645
    646            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    647            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    648            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    649                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    650
    651            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    652
    653    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    654        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    655        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    656        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    657        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    658
    659        KEYWORDS = {
    660            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    661            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    662            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    663            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    664            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    665            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    666            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    667            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    668            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    669            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    670            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    671            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    672            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    673            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    674            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    675            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    676            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    677            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    678            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    679            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    680            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    681            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    682            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    683        }
    684
    685        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    686            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    687            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    688        }
    689
    690        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    691
    692        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    693
    694    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    695        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    696        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    697        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    698        JOIN_HINTS = False
    699        TABLE_HINTS = False
    700        QUERY_HINTS = False
    701        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    702        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    703        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    704        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    705        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    706        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    707
    708        TRANSFORMS = {
    709            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    710            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    711            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    712            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    713            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    714            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    715            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    716            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    717                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    718            ),
    719            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    720            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    721            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    722            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    723            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    724            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    725            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    726            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    727            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    728            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    729            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    730                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    731            ),
    732            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    733                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    734            ),
    735            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    736            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    737            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
    738            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    739                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
    740            ),
    741            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    742            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    743            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    744            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    745            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    746            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    747            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    748            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    749            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    750                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    751            ),
    752            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    753                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    754            ),
    755            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    756            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    757            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    758            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    759                [
    760                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    761                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    762                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    763                ]
    764            ),
    765            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    766            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    767            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    768            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    769                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    770            ),
    771            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    772            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    773            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    774                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    775            ),
    776            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    777            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    778            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    779                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    780            ),
    781            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    782            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    783            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    784            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    785            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    786            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    787            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    788            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    789            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    790            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    791        }
    792
    793        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    794            exp.JSONPathKey,
    795            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    796            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    797        }
    798
    799        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    800            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    801            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    802        }
    803
    804        STAR_MAPPING = {
    805            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    806            "replace": "RENAME",
    807        }
    808
    809        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    810            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    811            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    812            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    813        }
    814
    815        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    816            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    817            if milli is not None:
    818                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    819                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    820
    821            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    822
    823        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    824            value = expression.this
    825
    826            if value.type is None:
    827                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    828
    829                value = annotate_types(value)
    830
    831            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    832                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    833
    834            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    835            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    836
    837        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    838            if not expression.expression:
    839                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    840
    841            return super().log_sql(expression)
    842
    843        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    844            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    845            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    846
    847            columns = [
    848                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    849                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    850                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    851                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    852                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    853                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    854                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    855            ]
    856
    857            if unnest_alias:
    858                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    859            else:
    860                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    861
    862            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    863            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    864            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    865            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    866
    867        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    868            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    869            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    870            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    871            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    872
    873            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    874            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    875
    876            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    877            if scope_kind:
    878                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    879
    880            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    881            if starts_with:
    882                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    883
    884            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    885
    886            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    887            if from_:
    888                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    889
    890            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    891
    892        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    893            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    894            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    895            group = expression.args.get("group")
    896            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    897            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    898            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    899
    900            return self.func(
    901                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    902                expression.this,
    903                expression.expression,
    904                position,
    905                occurrence,
    906                parameters,
    907                group,
    908            )
    909
    910        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    911            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    912                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    913            return super().except_op(expression)
    914
    915        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    916            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    917                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    918            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    919
    920        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    921            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    922            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    923            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    924            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    925            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    926            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    927            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    928
    929        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    930            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    931        ) -> str:
    932            start = expression.args.get("start")
    933            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    934            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    935            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    936            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    937
    938        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    939            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    940            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    941
    942        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    943            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    944
    945        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    946            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    947
    948        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    949            keys = []
    950            values = []
    951
    952            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    953                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    954                    keys.append(
    955                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    956                    )
    957                    values.append(e.expression)
    958                else:
    959                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    960                    values.append(e)
    961
    962            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    301    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    302        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    303        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    304        if (
    305            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    306            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    307            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    308        ):
    309            return expression  # type: ignore
    310
    311        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    313    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    314        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    315
    316        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    317
    318        FUNCTIONS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    320            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    321            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    322            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    323                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    324            ),
    325            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    326                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    327                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    328                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    329                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    330            ),
    331            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    332            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    333            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    334            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    335            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
    336            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    337            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    338                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    339                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    340                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    341            ),
    342            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    343            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    344            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    345            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    346                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    347            ),
    348            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    349            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    350                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    351            ),
    352            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    353            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    354            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    355            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    356            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    357            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    358            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    359            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    360            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    361            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    362            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
    363            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_to_timestamp,
    364            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    365            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    366        }
    367
    368        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    369            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    370            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    371            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    372        }
    373        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    374
    375        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    376
    377        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    378            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    379            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    380            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    381            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this: self._parse_colon_get_path(this),
    382        }
    383
    384        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    385            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    386            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    387            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    388                exp.Set,
    389                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    390                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    391                unset=True,
    392            ),
    393            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    394        }
    395
    396        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    397            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    398            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    399        }
    400
    401        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    402            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    403            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    404        }
    405
    406        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    407            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    408            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    409            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    410            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    411            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    412            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    413            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    414            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    415            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    416            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    417            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    418            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    419            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    420            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    421            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    422            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    423            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    424            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    425            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    426        }
    427
    428        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    429            TokenType.DOT,
    430            TokenType.MOD,
    431            TokenType.SLASH,
    432        }
    433
    434        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    435
    436        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    437
    438        def _parse_colon_get_path(
    439            self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    440        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    441            while True:
    442                path = self._parse_bitwise()
    443
    444                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    445                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    446                if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    447                    target_type = path.to
    448                    path = path.this
    449                else:
    450                    target_type = None
    451
    452                if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    453                    path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    454
    455                # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    456                this = self.expression(
    457                    exp.JSONExtract, this=this, expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(path)
    458                )
    459
    460                if target_type:
    461                    this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    462
    463                if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    464                    break
    465
    466            return self._parse_range(this)
    467
    468        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    469        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    470        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    471            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    472
    473            if not this:
    474                return None
    475
    476            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    477            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    478            this = _map_date_part(this)
    479            name = this.name.upper()
    480
    481            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    482                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    483                    scale = 10**3
    484                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    485                    scale = 10**6
    486                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    487                    scale = 10**9
    488                else:
    489                    scale = None
    490
    491                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    492                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    493
    494                if scale:
    495                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    496
    497                return to_unix
    498
    499            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    500
    501        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    502            if is_map:
    503                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    504                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    505                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    506                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    507
    508            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    509
    510        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    511            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    512            if not lateral:
    513                return lateral
    514
    515            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    516                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    517                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    518                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    519                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    520                elif not table_alias:
    521                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    522
    523            return lateral
    524
    525        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    526            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    527            index = self._index
    528            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    529                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    530                kind = (
    531                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    532                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    533                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    534                )
    535                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    536
    537                if expression:
    538                    self._match_r_paren()
    539                    when = self.expression(
    540                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    541                    )
    542                    table.set("when", when)
    543                else:
    544                    self._retreat(index)
    545
    546            return table
    547
    548        def _parse_table_parts(
    549            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    550        ) -> exp.Table:
    551            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    552            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    553                table = self._parse_string()
    554            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    555                table = self._parse_location_path()
    556            else:
    557                table = None
    558
    559            if table:
    560                file_format = None
    561                pattern = None
    562
    563                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    564                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    565                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    566                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    567                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    568                        )
    569                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    570                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    571                    else:
    572                        break
    573
    574                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    575
    576                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    577            else:
    578                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    579
    580            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    581
    582        def _parse_id_var(
    583            self,
    584            any_token: bool = True,
    585            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    586        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    587            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    588                identifier = (
    589                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    590                    or self._parse_string()
    591                )
    592                self._match_r_paren()
    593                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    594
    595            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    596
    597        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    598            scope = None
    599            scope_kind = None
    600
    601            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    602            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    603            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    604
    605            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    606
    607            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    608
    609            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    610                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    611                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    612                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    613                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    614                    if self._curr:
    615                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    616                elif self._curr:
    617                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    618                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    619
    620            return self.expression(
    621                exp.Show,
    622                **{
    623                    "terse": terse,
    624                    "this": this,
    625                    "history": history,
    626                    "like": like,
    627                    "scope": scope,
    628                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    629                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    630                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    631                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    632                },
    633            )
    634
    635        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    636            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    637            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    638
    639        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    640            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    641            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    642
    643        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    644            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    645
    646            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    647            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    648            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    649                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    650
    651            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'IMPORTED KEYS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'TABLES', 'SEQUENCES', 'VIEWS', 'OBJECTS'}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  USABLES
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    653    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    654        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    655        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    656        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    657        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    658
    659        KEYWORDS = {
    660            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    661            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    662            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    663            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    664            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    665            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    666            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    667            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    668            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    669            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    670            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    671            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    672            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    673            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    674            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    675            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    676            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    677            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    678            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    679            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    680            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    681            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    682            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    683        }
    684
    685        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    686            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    687            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    688        }
    689
    690        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    691
    692        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    694    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    695        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    696        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    697        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    698        JOIN_HINTS = False
    699        TABLE_HINTS = False
    700        QUERY_HINTS = False
    701        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    702        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    703        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    704        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    705        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    706        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    707
    708        TRANSFORMS = {
    709            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    710            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    711            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    712            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    713            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    714            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    715            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    716            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    717                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    718            ),
    719            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    720            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    721            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    722            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    723            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    724            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    725            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    726            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    727            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    728            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    729            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    730                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    731            ),
    732            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    733                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    734            ),
    735            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    736            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    737            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
    738            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    739                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
    740            ),
    741            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    742            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    743            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    744            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    745            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    746            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    747            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    748            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    749            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    750                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    751            ),
    752            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    753                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    754            ),
    755            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    756            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    757            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    758            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    759                [
    760                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    761                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    762                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    763                ]
    764            ),
    765            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    766            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    767            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    768            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    769                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    770            ),
    771            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    772            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    773            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    774                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    775            ),
    776            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    777            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    778            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    779                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    780            ),
    781            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    782            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    783            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    784            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    785            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    786            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    787            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    788            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    789            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    790            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    791        }
    792
    793        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    794            exp.JSONPathKey,
    795            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    796            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    797        }
    798
    799        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    800            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    801            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    802        }
    803
    804        STAR_MAPPING = {
    805            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    806            "replace": "RENAME",
    807        }
    808
    809        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    810            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    811            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    812            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    813        }
    814
    815        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    816            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    817            if milli is not None:
    818                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    819                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    820
    821            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    822
    823        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    824            value = expression.this
    825
    826            if value.type is None:
    827                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    828
    829                value = annotate_types(value)
    830
    831            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    832                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    833
    834            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    835            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    836
    837        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    838            if not expression.expression:
    839                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    840
    841            return super().log_sql(expression)
    842
    843        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    844            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    845            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    846
    847            columns = [
    848                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    849                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    850                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    851                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    852                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    853                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    854                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    855            ]
    856
    857            if unnest_alias:
    858                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    859            else:
    860                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    861
    862            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    863            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    864            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    865            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    866
    867        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    868            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    869            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    870            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    871            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    872
    873            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    874            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    875
    876            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    877            if scope_kind:
    878                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    879
    880            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    881            if starts_with:
    882                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    883
    884            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    885
    886            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    887            if from_:
    888                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    889
    890            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    891
    892        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    893            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    894            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    895            group = expression.args.get("group")
    896            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    897            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    898            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    899
    900            return self.func(
    901                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    902                expression.this,
    903                expression.expression,
    904                position,
    905                occurrence,
    906                parameters,
    907                group,
    908            )
    909
    910        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    911            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    912                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    913            return super().except_op(expression)
    914
    915        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    916            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    917                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    918            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    919
    920        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    921            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    922            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    923            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    924            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    925            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    926            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    927            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    928
    929        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    930            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    931        ) -> str:
    932            start = expression.args.get("start")
    933            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    934            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    935            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    936            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    937
    938        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    939            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    940            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    941
    942        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    943            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    944
    945        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    946            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    947
    948        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    949            keys = []
    950            values = []
    951
    952            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    953                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    954                    keys.append(
    955                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    956                    )
    957                    values.append(e.expression)
    958                else:
    959                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    960                    values.append(e)
    961
    962            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    815        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    816            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    817            if milli is not None:
    818                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    819                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    820
    821            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    823        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    824            value = expression.this
    825
    826            if value.type is None:
    827                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    828
    829                value = annotate_types(value)
    830
    831            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    832                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    833
    834            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    835            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    837        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    838            if not expression.expression:
    839                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    840
    841            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    843        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    844            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    845            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    846
    847            columns = [
    848                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    849                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    850                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    851                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    852                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    853                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    854                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    855            ]
    856
    857            if unnest_alias:
    858                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    859            else:
    860                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    861
    862            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    863            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    864            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    865            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    867        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    868            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    869            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    870            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    871            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    872
    873            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    874            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    875
    876            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    877            if scope_kind:
    878                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    879
    880            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    881            if starts_with:
    882                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    883
    884            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    885
    886            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    887            if from_:
    888                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    889
    890            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    892        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    893            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    894            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    895            group = expression.args.get("group")
    896            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    897            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    898            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    899
    900            return self.func(
    901                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    902                expression.this,
    903                expression.expression,
    904                position,
    905                occurrence,
    906                parameters,
    907                group,
    908            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    910        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    911            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    912                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    913            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    915        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    916            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    917                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    918            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    920        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    921            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    922            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    923            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    924            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    925            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    926            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    927            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    929        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    930            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    931        ) -> str:
    932            start = expression.args.get("start")
    933            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    934            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    935            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    936            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    938        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    939            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    940            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    942        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    943            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    945        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    946            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    948        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    949            keys = []
    950            values = []
    951
    952            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    953                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    954                    keys.append(
    955                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    956                    )
    957                    values.append(e.expression)
    958                else:
    959                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    960                    values.append(e)
    961
    962            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql