USERBINDMOUNT(1)

NAME
userbindmount - bind-mount utility for user-namespaces

SYNOPSIS
userbindmount [options] [source target [source target [...]]] [ -- [cmd [args]]]

DESCRIPTION
userbindmount is a utility command based on libuserbindmount. It can be used to perform one or more bind-mount operation and to create a user-namespace where bind-mount is allowed. This command does not need root access or specific capabilities to run (provided user-namespaces are supported, see NOTES). The command line arguments are a list of source-target pairs (one for each bind-mount operation). A new namespace is created if requested by the specific option (-n or --newns) or if there is -- as an option in the command line. If source is a double quoted string, the value of the string will be the content of the file mounted on target. The trailing -- followed by a command and its argument define the command to run in the new namespace. ($SHELL is launched if the command is omitted) The contents of the file to be mounted on target is read from the standard input if the correspondent source is the tag "-".

OPTIONS
userbindmount accepts the following options.

-n
--newns
    create a new user-namespace

-s
--sysadm
    add the CAP_SYS_ADMIN ambient capability to the current of newly created userspace

-v
--verbose
    verbose mode: print debugging information on the actions taken by the program.

NOTES
User namespaces require a kernel that is configured with the CONFIG_USER_NS option. In some distributions (e.g. Debian) user namespaces must be enabled by writing 1 to /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone.

EXAMPLES
The following example mounts the file /tmp/resolv.conf instead of /etc/resolv.conf: the purpose of this example is to redefine the name servers for the name resolution.
    $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 127.0.0.1
    $ echo "nameserver 9.9.9.9" > /tmp/resolv.conf
    $ userbindmount -v /tmp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf -- bash
    creating a user_namespace
    mounting /tmp/resolv.conf on /etc/resolv.conf
    starting bash
    $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 9.9.9.9
    $ exit
    $

The following example creates a namespace where bind-mount is allowed and then mounts /tmp/resolv.conf on /etc/resolv.conf. (It uses busybox instead of mount(8) as the latter does not support the capabilities, yet).
    $ userbindmount -s -- bash
    $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 127.0.0.1
    $ echo "nameserver 9.9.9.9" > /tmp/resolv.conf
    $ busybox mount --bind /tmp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
    $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 9.9.9.9
    $ exit
    $
Alternative equivalent commands for "userbindmount -s -- bash" are "userbindmount -sn" or "userbindmount -s --".

Several bind-mounts can be done in a user-namespace started with the -s option. No more namespaces are needed in this case. The contents of the file to mount can be taken from stdin if source is "-".
    $ userbindmount -sn
    $ echo "nameserver 9.9.9.9" | userbindmount - /etc/resolv.conf
    $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 9.9.9.9
    $ exit

It is possible to set the contents of a mounted file directly in the command line:
    $ userbindmount $'"nameserver 9.9.9.9\n"' /etc/resolv.conf -- bash
    $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
    nameserver 9.9.9.9
    $ exit
Please note that the following command:
    $ echo "nameserver 9.9.9.9" | userbindmount - /etc/resolv.conf -- bash
works but the bash running in the new namespace terminates immediately as it reads the end-of-file on its standard input.

SEE ALSO
libuserbindmount(3), mount(8), user_namespaces(7), capabilities(7)

BUGS
Bug reports should be addressed to <info@virtualsquare.org>

AUTHORS
Renzo Davoli <renzo@cs.unibo.it>