VARLINKCTL(1)

NAME
varlinkctl - Introspect with and invoke Varlink services

SYNOPSIS

varlinkctl [OPTIONS...] info ADDRESS

varlinkctl [OPTIONS...] list-interfaces ADDRESS

varlinkctl [OPTIONS...] list-methods ADDRESS [INTERFACE...]

varlinkctl [OPTIONS...] introspect ADDRESS [INTERFACE...]

varlinkctl [OPTIONS...] call ADDRESS METHOD [ARGUMENTS]

varlinkctl [OPTIONS...] validate-idl [FILE]

DESCRIPTION

varlinkctl may be used to introspect and invoke Varlink[1] services.

Services are referenced by one of the following:

    • A Varlink service reference starting with the "unix:" string, followed by an absolute AF_UNIX socket path, or by "@" and an arbitrary string (the latter for referencing sockets in the abstract namespace). In this case a stream socket connection is made to the specified socket.

    • A Varlink service reference starting with the "exec:" string, followed by an absolute path of a binary to execute. In this case the specified process is forked off locally, with a connected stream socket passed in.

    • A Varlink service reference starting with the "ssh-unix:" string, followed by an SSH host specification, followed by ":", followed by an absolute AF_UNIX socket path. (This requires OpenSSH 9.4 or newer on the server side, abstract namespace sockets are not supported.)

    • A Varlink service reference starting with the "ssh-exec:" string, followed by an SSH host specification, followed by ":", followed by a command line. In this case the command is invoked and the Varlink protocol is spoken on the standard input and output of the invoked command.

For convenience these two simpler (redundant) service address syntaxes are also supported:

    • A file system path to an AF_UNIX socket, either absolute (i.e. begins with "/") or relative (in which case it must begin with "./").

    • A file system path to an executable, either absolute or relative (as above, must begin with "/", resp. "./").

COMMANDS

The following commands are understood:

info ADDRESS
    Show brief information about the specified service, including vendor name and list of implemented interfaces. Expects a service address in one of the formats described above.

    Added in version 255.

list-interfaces ADDRESS
    Show list of interfaces implemented by the specified service. Expects a service address in one of the formats described above.

    Added in version 255.

list-methods ADDRESS [INTERFACE...]
    Show list of methods implemented by the specified service. Expects a service address in one of the formats described above as well as one or more interface names. If no interface name is specified, lists all methods of all interfaces implemented by the service, otherwise just the methods in the specified interfaces.

    Added in version 257.

introspect ADDRESS [INTERFACE...]
    Show the interface definitions of the specified interfaces provided by the specified service. Expects a service address in one of the formats described above and optionally one or more Varlink interface names. If no interface names are specified, shows all provided interfaces by the service.

    Added in version 255.

call ADDRESS METHOD [ARGUMENTS]
    Call the specified method of the specified service. Expects a service address in the format described above, a fully qualified Varlink method name, and a JSON arguments object. If the arguments object is not specified, it is read from STDIN instead. To pass an empty list of parameters, specify the empty object "{}".

    The reply parameters are written as JSON object to STDOUT.

    Added in version 255.

validate-idl [FILE]
    Reads a Varlink interface definition file, parses and validates it, then outputs it with syntax highlighting. This checks for syntax and internal consistency of the interface. Expects a file name to read the interface definition from. If omitted reads the interface definition from STDIN.

    Added in version 255.

help
    Show command syntax help.

    Added in version 255.

OPTIONS

The following options are understood:

--more
    When used with call: expect multiple method replies. If this flag is set the method call is sent with the more flag set, which tells the service to generate multiple replies, if needed. The command remains running until the service sends a reply message that indicates it is the last in the series (or if the configured timeout is reached, see below). This flag should be set only for method calls that support this mechanism.

    If this mode is enabled output is automatically switched to JSON-SEQ mode, so that individual reply objects can be easily discerned.

    This switch has no effect on the method call timeout applied by default: regardless if --more is specified or not, the default timeout will be 45s. Use --timeout= (see below) to change or disable the timeout. When invoking a method call that continuously returns updates it is typically desirable to disable the timeout with --timeout=infinity. On the other hand, when invoking a --more method call for the purpose of enumerating objects (which likely will complete quickly) it is typically beneficial to leave the timeout logic enabled, for robustness reasons.

    Added in version 255.

-E
    A shortcut for --more --timeout=infinity. This switch is useful for method calls that implement subscription to a continuous stream of updates.

    Added in version 257.

--collect
    This is similar to --more but collects all responses in a JSON array, and prints it, rather than in JSON_SEQ mode.

    Added in version 256.

--oneway
    When used with call: do not expect a method reply. If this flag is set the method call is sent with the oneway flag set (the command exits immediately after), which tells the service not to generate a reply.

    Added in version 255.

--json=MODE
    Selects the JSON output formatting, one of "pretty" (for nicely indented, colorized output) or "short" (for terse output with minimal whitespace and no newlines), defaults to "short".

    Added in version 255.

-j
    Equivalent to --json=pretty when invoked interactively from a terminal. Otherwise equivalent to --json=short, in particular when the output is piped to some other program.

    Added in version 255.

--quiet, -q
    Suppress output of method call replies.

    Added in version 257.

--graceful=
    Takes a qualified Varlink error name (i.e. an interface name, suffixed by an error name, separated by a dot; e.g. "org.varlink.service.InvalidParameter"). Ensures that if a method call fails with the specified error this will be treated as success, i.e. will cause the varlinkctl invocation to exit with a zero exit status. This option may be used more than once in order to treat multiple different errors as successes.

    Added in version 257.

--timeout=
    Expects a timeout in seconds as parameter. By default a timeout of 45s is enforced. To turn off the timeout specify "infinity" or an empty string.

    Added in version 257.

--no-pager
    Do not pipe output into a pager.

-h, --help
    Print a short help text and exit.

--version
    Print a short version string and exit.

EXAMPLES

Example 1. Investigating a Service

The following three commands inspect the "io.systemd.Resolve" service implemented by systemd-resolved.service(8), listing general service information and implemented interfaces, and then displaying the interface definition of its primary interface:

    $ varlinkctl info /run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve
        Vendor: The systemd Project
       Product: systemd (systemd-resolved)
       Version: 254 (254-1522-g4790521^)
           URL: https://systemd.io/
    Interfaces: io.systemd
                io.systemd.Resolve
                org.varlink.service
    $ varlinkctl list-interfaces /run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve
    io.systemd
    io.systemd.Resolve
    org.varlink.service
    $ varlinkctl introspect /run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve io.systemd.Resolve
    interface io.systemd.Resolve
    type ResolvedAddress(
            ifindex: ?int,
            ...

(Interface definition has been truncated in the example above, in the interest of brevity.)

Example 2. Invoking a Method

The following command resolves a hostname via systemd-resolved.service(8)'s ResolveHostname method call.

    $ varlinkctl call /run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve io.systemd.Resolve.ResolveHostname '{"name":"systemd.io","family":2}' -j
    {
            "addresses" : [
                    {
                            "ifindex" : 2,
                            "family" : 2,
                            "address" : [
                                    185,
                                    199,
                                    111,
                                    153
                            ]
                    }
            ],
            "name" : "systemd.io",
            "flags" : 1048577
    }

Example 3. Investigating a Service Executable

The following command inspects the /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-pcrextend executable and the IPC APIs it provides. It then invokes a method on it:

    # varlinkctl info /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-pcrextend
        Vendor: The systemd Project
       Product: systemd (systemd-pcrextend)
       Version: 254 (254-1536-g97734fb)
           URL: https://systemd.io/
    Interfaces: io.systemd
                io.systemd.PCRExtend
                org.varlink.service
    # varlinkctl introspect /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-pcrextend io.systemd.PCRExtend
    interface io.systemd.PCRExtend
    method Extend(
            pcr: int,
            text: ?string,
            data: ?string
    ) -> ()
    # varlinkctl call /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-pcrextend io.systemd.PCRExtend.Extend '{"pcr":15,"text":"foobar"}'
    {}

Example 4. Invoking a method remotely via SSH

The following command acquires a report about the identity of a remote host "somehost" from systemd-hostnamed.service(8) by connecting via SSH to the AF_UNIX socket the service listens on:

    # varlinkctl call ssh-unix:somehost:/run/systemd/io.systemd.Hostname io.systemd.Hostname.Describe '{}'

To invoke a Varlink service binary directly on the remote host, rather than talking to a service via AF_UNIX can be done like this:

    # varlinkctl call ssh-exec:somehost:/usr/bin/systemd-creds org.varlink.service.GetInfo '{}'

SEE ALSO

busctl(1), Varlink[1]

NOTES

1.  Varlink
    https://varlink.org/